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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797 </title>
<title type="subordinate">A Romantic Circles Electronic Edition</title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<p>Bodleian Library, MS Eng. Lett. c. 22.  Previously 
                        published: Charles Cuthbert Southey (ed.), Life and
                            Correspondence of Robert Southey, 6 vols (London, 1849–1850), I,
                        pp. 290–292 [in part]. </p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="170" type="letter">
<head>170. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor Charles Bedford</ref>, <date when="1796-08-29">29 August [–7
                        September] 1796</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: For/ G C Bedford Esq<hi rend="sup">r</hi>/ New Palace Yard/
                        Westminster/ Single<lb/>Stamped: BRISTOL <lb/>Postmark: BSE/ 8/
                        96<lb/>Watermarks: Figure of Britannia; COLES/ 1795<lb/>Endorsement: 29
                        August 1796<lb/> MS: Bodleian Library, MS Eng. Lett. c. 22<lb/>Previously
                        published: Charles Cuthbert Southey (ed.), <title level="m">Life and
                            Correspondence of Robert Southey</title>, 6 vols (London, 1849–1850), I,
                        pp. 290–292 [in part]. </note>
</head>
<opener>
<dateline rend="indent4">
<date when="1796-08-29">Monday. August 29<hi rend="sup">th</hi> 1796.</date> by the fireside</dateline>
</opener>
<p rend="indent1"> I have run plenum sed<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">The
                        Latin translates as ‘full butt’.</note> against the Beast in my letters. if
                    you were with me you should sit down &amp; write a letter or two — tho
                    perhaps you are better employed “ut prisca gens mortalium.”<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">Horace (65–8 BC), <title level="m">Epode</title>, 2, line 2. The Latin translates as ‘like the men of
                        old’.</note> — but do not hurt the polypi for the sake of trying
                    experiments. mangle the dead as much as you please — but <del rend="strikethrough">xx</del> let &lt;not&gt; <ref target="people.html#CarlisleAnthony">Carlisle</ref> dissect dogs &amp;
                    frogs alive. of all experimental surgeons Spallanzan iis the only fair one I
                    ever heard of — he kept a kite &amp; gave him all his food in little bags
                    tied to a long string which he used to pull up again to see the progress of
                        digestion<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">Experiments carried out by
                        Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729–1799) and recorded in his <title level="m">Dissertations Relative to the Natural History of Animals and
                            Vegetables</title> (1784).</note> — now this was using the kite very ill
                    — but he served himself in the same manner.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Wynn</ref> is at Elton with his Uncle —
                    I wrote to him to day — told him your skylight was mended — &amp; added that
                    I hoped you would no longer play Squallitz<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">Unidentified.</note> while <ref target="people.html#CarlisleAnthony">Carlisle</ref> was making too free with
                        Becainde.<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Unidentified.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> You will perhaps hear of me in Sussex. certainly if you go to
                        <ref target="places.html#MountsfieldRye">Rye</ref> which is only ten miles
                    distant &lt;from Hastings&gt;. I wish you may see the <ref target="people.html#LambThomasDavis">Lambs</ref> — for tho <ref target="people.html#LambThomasDavis">Tom</ref> ran with all the vices
                    &amp; follies of Oxford I should like to hear of him — &amp; still more
                    to hear something of his father &amp; mother. M<hi rend="sup">rs</hi> L is a
                    very pleasant woman. I was a great favorite there once — more so than I shall
                    ever be anywhere again — for the same reason that people like a kitten better
                    than a cat — &amp; a kid than the venerable old Goat. their eldest daughter
                    must be now nearly seventeen. she has lost the use of one leg entirely — <del rend="strikethrough">yet</del> when I knew her she was a charming girl —
                    with that susceptible disposition <del rend="strikethrough">easily</del> which
                    feeling pleasure &amp; pain acutely is likely to render the possessor
                    miserable — because the quantum of misery in existence is perhaps the greatest.
                    perhaps — boarding school has altered her — go to <ref target="places.html#MountsfieldRye">Rye</ref>
<ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor</ref> — &amp;
                    call on <ref target="people.html#LambThomasDavis">Lamb</ref> — if it be merely
                    to make a report to me on the state of the family — you will give me much
                    pleasure — &amp; perhaps you may give them some by telling them that I am in
                    the land of the living.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I have been very happy at <ref target="places.html#MountsfieldRye">Rye</ref>
<ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor</ref> — &amp;
                    love to remember it. you know the history of the seventeen anonymous letters
                    that Tom &amp; I sent down the day before we went ourselves — there is a
                    windmill on the bank above the house — with the glass I used to tell the hour by
                    Rye Clock from the door — which Clock by the by was taken among the spoils of
                    the Spanish Armada.<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">The Spanish invasion
                        fleet, which was defeated in 1588.</note> — I hope you may go there.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#CollinsCharles">Charles Collins</ref> wrote a Sonnet
                    upon Hastings Castle — which <ref target="people.html#BedfordHoraceWalpole">Horace</ref> once showed me — it was ——— fourteen lines. I wrote a good
                    many bad verses in Sussex — but they taught me to write better — &amp; you
                    know not how agreable it is to me to meet with one of my old lines or old ideas
                    in Joan of Arc.</p>
<lb/>
<p>
<date when="1796-08-31">Wednesday.</date> I wish you were here <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor</ref>. Pretty Grange
                    &amp; Pretty Pipe is among your letters — &amp; if we were together now
                    we would write excellent letters from Portugal. I have begun a hymn to the
                        Penates<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">It appeared in Southey’s
                            <title level="m">Poems</title> (1797).</note> which will perhaps be the
                    best of all my lesser pieces. it is to conclude the volume of poems. the ode on
                    your birth day 1793 — the one I sent you on the same day 1794 must both be
                    improved — &amp; with a projected one for the eleventh of September 96 —
                    shall be publishd as birth day odes.<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">Revised versions of Southey’s 1793 and 1796 birthday odes to Grosvenor
                        Charles Bedford appeared in <title level="m">Poems</title> (1797).</note>
                    tell me what you chuse to be called in them? for your name is introduced more
                    than once. you <del rend="strikethrough">do not</del> object to Grosvenor —
                        Peter<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">A pseudonym used by Grosvenor
                        Charles Bedford in the schoolboy magazine <title level="j">The
                            Flagellant</title> (1792). It originated from Peter the Hermit (d.
                        1115), a religious fanatic who was instrumental in preaching the First
                        Crusade.</note> will not do. Musæus? What is become of Leander?<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">A reference to Grosvenor Charles Bedford’s
                        translation of Musæus (fl. c. early 6th century), <title level="m">The Loves
                            of Hero and Leander</title>, which was published in 1797.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> — tis a great advantage to have a London bookseller. they can put
                    off an edition of any book however stupid — &amp; without great exertions in
                    its favor no book however excellent will sell. the sale of Joan of Arc in London
                    has been very slow indeed. six weeks ago Cadell<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">The booksellers Thomas Cadell, the Elder (1742–1802; <title level="m">DNB</title>), and Thomas Cadell, the Younger (1773–1836;
                            <title level="m">DNB</title>).</note> had only sold three copies.</p>
<lb/>
<p>
<date when="1796-09-05">Monday</date>. It is Bristol fair. the Beast has got a
                    holy day. now <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Bedford</ref> do
                    I wish for nothing more earnestly than that you &amp; I could see all his
                    gambols in a camera obscura. <del rend="strikethrough">not</del> we would
                    &lt;not&gt; mingle with the herd because the effluvia from so many foul
                    lungs is not very agreable — &amp; because there are certain vermin
                    &lt;that crawl&gt; on the head of other things besides the body politic.
                    we would look at the booths where they who make themselves the greatest fools
                    get the most money. See children with their rattles &amp; jumping Joans —
                    &amp; their parents amusing themselves with sugar plumbs — &amp; after
                    we were tired with these sights we would visit the more respectable race of
                    quadrupeds whom the worst monster in creation has imprisond in <del rend="strikethrough">a</del> close cages &amp; shows for sixpence a
                    piece! the elephant — the royal tyger — the hyena — &amp; even his own first
                    cousins!</p>
<p rend="indent1"> But you are probably by this time better employed. would I were
                    with you; for tho I hate to be on the sea — I yet wish to pitch my tent on the
                    shore. I do not know any thing more delightful than to lie on the beach in the
                    sun &amp; watch the rising waves, while a thousand vague ideas — pass over
                    the mind — like &lt;the&gt; summer clouds over the water. then it is a
                    noble situation to Shandeize.<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">To follow
                        your own thoughts, no matter how illogically connected, in the manner of
                        Laurence Sterne (1713–1768; <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman</title>
                        (1759–1767).</note> why is it salt — why does it ebb &amp; flow — what
                    sort of fellows are the mermen — &amp;c &amp;c &amp;c. there are a
                    thousand of the prettiest questions in the world to ask — on which you may guess
                    away ad secula seculorum.<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">The Latin
                        translates as ‘forever and ever’.</note> — &amp; here am I tormented by
                        <ref target="people.html#RosserRobert">M<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Rossers</ref>
                    dilatory devils — &amp; looking on with no small impatience to the time when
                    I shall renounce the Devil &amp; all his works.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I translated this little piece from Quevedo<note n="14" place="foot" resp="editors">Francisco Gomez de Quevedo y Villegas
                        (1580–1645), Spanish poet.</note> this morning —</p>
<p rend="indent6"> 1</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2">See Lisus where the Sculptors art</l>
<l rend="indent3"> Has formd thine image of this polishd stone!</l>
<l rend="indent2">All perfect he performd his part,</l>
<l rend="indent3"> Which Nature has not done.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<p rend="indent6"> 2</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2">Has Nature formd thy bosom white?</l>
<l rend="indent3"> Lo! how the marble mocks the mountain snow!</l>
<l rend="indent2">Unrivalld are thy charms so bright —</l>
<l rend="indent3"> And this is matchless too.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<p rend="indent6"> 3</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2">Oer thy fair cheek that hue she spread</l>
<l rend="indent3"> That hue that flies &amp; flushes there so oft.</l>
<l rend="indent2">She made thy lips so rosy red</l>
<l rend="indent3"> Thy lips that seem so soft!</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<p rend="indent6"> 4</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2">Ah Lisus — maid of marble heart</l>
<l rend="indent3"> Here truly art thou formd by him alone.</l>
<l rend="indent2">For here thou seemest what thou art —</l>
<l rend="indent3"> So cold — so hard — in stone. <note n="15" place="foot" resp="editors">See Lisus ... stone: Verse written in double columns. A
                            revised version of Southey’s translation of Quevedo’s madrigal, ‘Un
                            famoso escultor, Lisi esquiva!’ appeared in <title level="m">Letters
                                Written During a Short Residence in Spain and Portugal</title>
                            (Bristol, 1797), pp. 326–327.</note>
</l>
</lg>
<p rend="indent6"> ———</p>
<p rend="indent1"> the poetry will form a pleasant part of my volume. I wrote an
                    inscription last night for a column at Truxillo the birthplace of Francisco
                        Pizarro.<note n="16" place="foot" resp="editors">The Spanish conqueror of
                        the Incas, Francisco Pizarro (c. 1470–1541).</note> it is a kind of writing
                    I am fond of — as its three requisites are brevity — perspicuity &amp;
                    morality.</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2">Pizarro here was born. a greater name</l>
<l rend="indent2">The list of Glory boasts not. Toil &amp; Want,</l>
<l rend="indent2">And Danger never from his course deterrd</l>
<l rend="indent2">This daring soldier: many a fight he won,</l>
<l rend="indent2">He slaughterd thousands, he subdued a rich</l>
<l rend="indent2">And ample realm; such were Pizarros deeds —</l>
<l rend="indent2">And Wealth &amp; Power &amp; Fame were his rewards</l>
<l rend="indent2">Among mankind. There is another world.</l>
<l rend="indent2">Oh Reader! if you earn your daily bread</l>
<l rend="indent2">By daily labor, if your lot be hard</l>
<l rend="indent2">And humble &amp; obscure, yet thank the God</l>
<l rend="indent2">Who made you, that you are not such as he. <note n="17" place="foot" resp="editors">A revised version appeared in Southey’s
                                <title level="m">Letters Written During a Short Residence in Spain
                                and Portugal</title> (1797).</note>
</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<p>I am about to leave off writing just when I have learnt what to write &amp;
                    how to write. however I may still employ a Sunday better than in going to
                    church. I mean to attempt to get a tragedy on the stage — for the mere purpose
                    of furnishing a house — which a successful play would do for me. I know I can
                    write one — beyond this all is mere conjecture. it is however worth trying — for
                    I find lodgings very disagreable. lodge however I must in London; &amp; you
                    will be good enough to look out for me — I hope — ere long. two rooms the <ref target="places.html#Brixton">Brixton</ref> side the water —.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I have a thousand things to say to you [MS torn] long absence
                    seems to have produced no effect on us — &amp; I still feel th[MS torn]
                    perfect openess in writing to you — that I shall never feel to any other human
                    being. <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor</ref> when we
                    sit down in Shandy Hall<note n="18" place="foot" resp="editors">The home of the
                        central character of Laurence Sterne, <title level="m">The Life and Opinions
                            of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman</title> (1759–1767).</note> what pretty
                    speculations shall we make! you shall be Toby — &amp; amuse yourself with
                    marching to Paris — I will make systems — &amp; <ref target="people.html#BedfordHoraceWalpole">Horace</ref> shall be Doctor
                    Slop.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I have projected a useful volume which would not occupy a month.
                    specimens of the early &lt;<del rend="strikethrough">x</del>&gt; English
                        Poets<note n="19" place="foot" resp="editors">This was never produced, but
                        Southey’s and Grosvenor Charles Bedford’s <title level="m">Specimens of the
                            Later English Poets</title> appeared in 1807.</note> — with a critical
                    account of all their works. only to include the less known authors, &amp;
                    specimens never before selected. my essays would be historical &amp;
                    biographical as well as critical. I can get this printed without risquing any
                    thing myself — &amp; I could get credit by it — but what use is that? for I
                    regard public praise or public censure as I do the blowing of the wind.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor</ref> that half
                    letter which <ref target="people.html#CarlisleAnthony">Carlisle</ref> wrote to
                    me — appeard atheistical. I care not whether he be atheist or not. for a mans
                    principless are the last things I shall ever trouble my head about. no doubt
                    Beelzebub professes very excellent principles.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> You see the Monthly Magazine. who wrote the letter “What Man is
                    made for? with the Linnæan<note n="20" place="foot" resp="editors">The system
                        for classification advocated by Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).</note> definition
                    of Man at the end?<note n="21" place="foot" resp="editors">A reference to a
                        letter signed ‘Heraclito-Democriteus’, published in the <title level="j">Monthly Magazine</title>, 2 (August 1796), 523–524. Stylistic features
                        suggest Southey was not the author of this letter.</note>
</p>
<lb/>
<p>
<date when="1796-09-07">Wednesday</date>. several persons have very humanely
                    interested themselves about the state of my soul. some body — I strongly suspect
                    it was <ref target="people.html#DuppaRichard">Duppa</ref>— sent me the Age of
                        Reason<note n="22" place="foot" resp="editors">Thomas Paine (1737–1809;
                            <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">The Age of
                            Reason</title> (1794–1795).</note> to Oxford to make a Deist of me. here
                    is an old gentleman has lent me Job Scott on Baptism<note n="23" place="foot" resp="editors">The American Quaker and mystic Job Scott (1751–1793), author
                        of <title level="m">The Baptism of Christ, a Gospel Ordinance: Being
                            Altogether Inward and Spiritual</title> (1793).</note> to make me a
                    Quaker — &amp; it was but yesterday that a good old Lady lent me “Short
                    Sermons by the R. John Biddulph<note n="24" place="foot" resp="editors">Probably
                        a reference to the Bristol evangelical, Thomas Biddulph (1763–1838; <title level="m">DNB</title>), whose <title level="m">Short Sermons</title>
                        went through many editions.</note> — for those who have neither leisure nor
                    inclination to read long ones!” &lt;to make me a Methodist.&gt;</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Now for the soul of me — when a man or woman — with a face of
                    serious concern recommends me to read one of these books — I cannot tell him —
                    the book is nonsense. nonsense — the word is too weak — it is a medley of folly
                    &amp; madness &amp; blasphemy.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> farewell — you shall have an ode this year. it is now tossing
                    about the intellectual surges of my cerebrum &amp; cerebullum &amp;
                    Friday night it shall be tost about in the Mail — &amp; on Saturday morning
                    it shall reach Palace Yard — &amp; on Sunday you may open it.</p>
<p> I expect soon to hear that you will share the fate of Esculapius<note n="25" place="foot" resp="editors">In Roman mythology, Aesculapius was the god of
                        medicine.</note> — be punished <hi rend="ital">for raising the
                    dead</hi>.</p>
<closer>
<salute rend="indent2"> yrs sincerely</salute>
<signed rend="indent4"> R.S.</signed>
</closer>
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