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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797 </title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<p>National Library of Wales, MS 4811D.  Previously 
                        published: Kenneth Curry (ed.), New Letters of Robert
                            Southey, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965), I, pp.
                        146–147.</p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<head>256. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Charles Watkin
                        Williams Wynn</ref>, <date when="1797-09-12">12 September [1797]</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: To/ Charles Watkin
                        Williams Wynn Esq<hi rend="sup">r</hi>/ Wynnstay/ near Wrexham/
                        Denbighshire<lb/>Stamped: CHRIST/ CHURCH<lb/>Postmark: SE/ 14/
                        97<lb/>Watermark: Crest<lb/> Endorsement: Sept 6/ 97 [Southey’s dating of
                        the letter, and its postmark, confirm that it is incorrectly
                        endorsed.]<lb/>MS: National Library of Wales, MS 4811D<lb/>Previously
                        published: Kenneth Curry (ed.), <title level="m">New Letters of Robert
                            Southey</title>, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965), I, pp.
                        146–147.</note>
</head>
<opener>
<dateline rend="right">
<date when="1797-09-12">Tuesday. 12 Sept.</date>
</dateline>
</opener>
<p rend="indent1"> I do not suspect <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Dapple</ref> of being your
                    anonymous adviser. the hand is certainly very similar to his — so much so as to
                    make me think when I opened your letter that the enclosed was from him. But he
                    could not have written with such plenitude of inanity. nothing disgusts me so
                    much as the affectation of <del rend="strikethrough">xxxxxxx</del> fine
                    language. Godwins Enquirer<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">
<ref target="people.html#GodwinWilliam">William Godwin</ref>, <title level="m">The Enquirer. Reflections on Education, Manners and Literature
                            in a Series of Essays</title> (1797).</note> is a sad example. if a
                    writer has a plain thing to express let him express it plainly, &amp; if he
                    ought to write at all the ideas will elevate the language — he may rest assured
                    that his language will not elevate the idea.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I am somewhat sorry that you should think I thought your
                    criticisms peremptory, because my own replies were so. Of the lines &amp;c
                    (particularly in the opening of the third Book, where they were very awkward) it
                    would be endless to transmit you the innumerable alterations. the “Was not a
                    man” I must I believe concede — as I believe my predilection for it is but a
                    prejudice. <hi rend="ital">bravelier</hi> is not my coinage — I remember it in
                        Drayton<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">Southey’s use of ‘bravelier’
                        in <title level="m">Joan of Arc, An Epic Poem</title> (Bristol and London,
                        1796), pp. 70, 223, was derived from Michael Drayton (1563–1631; <title level="m">DNB</title>), ‘The Battle of Agincourt’; see <title level="m">The Works of Michael Drayton, Esq</title>, 4 vols (London, 1753), I, p.
                        55.</note> — there is no reason why the adverb should not admit of
                    &lt;degrees of&gt; comparison, &amp; I am almost certain that in
                    some language it does — but my grammars are not with me, &amp; I have not
                    grammatical knowledge enough to say what language it is. You point out in the
                    Burgundy part — the two passages which I feel are the weakest. the insertion of
                    a few lines in each will remedy it. the Snowdrop I cannot give up.<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">Southey had mentioned the snowdrop in <title level="m">Joan of Arc, An Epic Poem</title> (Bristol and London, 1796),
                        pp. 107, 362.</note> the sentence finishes more fully with it — &amp; in
                    a matter of mere opinion I of course prefer my own — even were it single.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Holinshed &amp; Froissart<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">Raphael Holinshed (<hi rend="ital">c</hi>.1525–1580?; <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">Chronicles of England, Scotland
                            and Ireland</title> (1577) and Jean Froissart (c. 1337–c. 1410), <title level="m">Le Premier (-Quart) Volume De Messire Jehan Froissart Lequel
                            Traicte de Choses Vingts de Memoire Advenues Tant es Pays de France,
                            Angleterre, Flandres, Espaigne que Escoce, ets Aus Tres Lieux
                            Circonvoisins</title> (1530).</note> will soon be accessible to me. if
                    you find any thing in the other chroniclers worthy of a note I shall of course
                    be thankful for it. <ref target="people.html#SoutheyMargaret">My Mother</ref> is
                    with me — she came for change of air &amp; is infinitely better. we return
                    with her this week — so your next must be to <ref target="places.html#WestgateBath">Westgate Buildings</ref>. the Coke<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Edward Coke (1552–1643; <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">Commentarie upon Littleton</title>
                        (1628), the first part of his four part <title level="m">Institutes of the
                            Laws of England</title> (1628–1644).</note> has not yet arrived — I have
                    twice written for it — &amp; shall expect to find it at Bath.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<del rend="strikethrough">xxxx</del> I doubted not that you would agree with me
                    in thinking very highly of quaint old Quarles. you shall see his Argalus
                    &amp; Parthenia<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">Francis Quarles
                        (1592–1644; <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">Argalus and
                            Parthenia</title> (1629), a romance derived from Philip Sidney’s
                        (1554–1586; <title level="m">DNB</title>) <title level="m">Arcadia</title>
                        (1590–1593).</note> when we meet, it is more ridiculous than his Emblems,
                    but often very fine &amp; never tame.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I much want the latter books of Amadis, subsequent to those which
                        Tressan<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">Louis-Élisabeth de la Vergne,
                        Comte de Tressan (1705–1783), who in 1779 published an abridgement of the
                        romance <title level="m">Amadis of Gaul</title>.</note> has abridged
                    &amp; prior to Amadis of Greece: you know my great attachment to the old
                    romances. I know the Portugueze Palmerin. it has fine parts but deserves not the
                    praise of Cervantes.<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">Southey mistakenly
                        believed that the romance <title level="m">Palmerin of England</title> had
                        Portuguese origins and argued this case in his own translation, which
                        appeared in 1807. In the sixth chapter of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra
                        (1547–1616), <title level="m">Don Quixote</title> (1605–1615), the curate
                        declares: ‘let this Palm of England be cared for and preserved, as a thing
                        singular in its kind, and let a casket be made for it, like that which
                        Alexander found among the spoils of Darius, and destined to keep in it the
                        work of Homer’.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> the lines on Brissot end with — “wept by the good ye fell. <note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">Robert Southey, <title level="m">Joan of
                            Arc, An Epic Poem</title> (Bristol and London, 1796), p. 94.</note> Muir
                    is out<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">The description of the
                        transported political reformer, Thomas Muir (1765–1799; <title level="m">DNB</title>), as a ‘virtuous exile’, <title level="m">Joan of Arc, An
                            Epic Poem</title> (Bristol and London, 1796), p. 94, was removed by
                        Southey from the second edition of his poem. Muir had escaped from Botany
                        Bay in February 1796 and eventually made his way to France.</note> but the
                    simily remains in a compressed state. I have inserted some lines on the first
                    introduction of Talbot. Do you know that the English burnt the Maids first
                    herald because she had no authority to send one? — I despair of adapting this to
                    my story.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> have you the Clovis of Desmarests? if so I should be very glad of
                    the extract <del rend="strikethrough">rel</del> describing the descent of the
                    holy oil.<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">Jean Desmarets de Saint-Sorlin
                        (1596–1676), <title level="m">Clovis, ou La France Chrestienne</title>
                        (Paris, 1657), pp. 411–412. Southey made use of this extract in <title level="m">Joan of Arc,</title> 2nd edn, 2 vols (Bristol, 1798), I, pp.
                        197–198.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> You will find the large copies of my Poems with <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Bedford</ref>. I have written
                        Richards’s<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">Probably Sir Richard
                        Richards (1752–1823; <title level="m">DNB</title>), an eminent lawyer in
                        Chancery.</note> name in one — &amp; there is one without a name, which,
                    if you think proper, you will give <ref target="people.html#ProbyJohnCarysfort">Ld Carysfort</ref>. I think it would be rather foolish myself, to send him
                    a second edition so little different from the first but you will use your own
                    judgement.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> In my next I will send you some of my insertions. now I am
                    somewhat weak of eye — being just returned from a walk of 33 miles, in which I
                    have been pickled with sea spray, washed fresh with the rain — half buried in a
                    sand shower which would not have disgraced <del rend="strikethrough">thx</del>
                    Arabia — &amp; <del rend="strikethrough">if</del> after all — <del rend="strikethrough">driven back by such squalls</del>
                    &lt;prevented&gt; by tempestuous weather from crossing an arm of the sea
                    not more than a quarter of a mile, so that we would not get at Corfe the object
                    of the expedition. we embarkd in a good wind but were driven back. I am somewhat
                    tired. God bless you.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> When do you leave Wales? I would your countrymen encouraged
                    researches into their antiquities somewhat more. I want more Welsh poetry than
                    is got-atable — particularly that of Gwalchmai &amp; Owain Cyveilioc.<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">The legendary Welsh hero Gwalchmai, and
                        the poet and Prince of Powys, Owain Cyveilioc (c. 1130–c.1197).</note>
</p>
<closer>
<salute rend="indent4"> yrs affectionately.</salute>
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