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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 1: 1791-1797 </title>
<title type="subordinate">A Romantic Circles Electronic Edition</title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<date>2009-03-15</date>
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<idno type="nines">rce48</idno>
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<sourceDesc>
<p>Bodleian Library, MS Eng. Lett.
                        c. 22.  Previously  published: Kenneth Curry (ed.), New Letters
                            of Robert Southey, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965), I, pp.
                        20–23 [in part; verse not reproduced]; Charles Cuthbert Southey (ed.), Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey, 6 vols
                        (London, 1849–1850), I, p. 182 [in part; where it is dated 6 May
                        1793].</p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="48" type="letter">
<head>48. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Grosvenor Charles Bedford</ref>, <date when="1793-05-05">5 May
                        1793</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address:
                        Grosvenor Charles Bedford Esq<hi rend="sup">r</hi>/ Old Palace Yard/
                        Westminster<lb/>Stamped: OXFORD<lb/>Postmark: MA/ 6/ 93<lb/> Watermark:
                        Crown with G R underneath and figure of Britannia<lb/>Endorsements: Rec<hi rend="sup">d</hi>. May 6.—93; Ans<hi rend="sup">d</hi>. May. 13.th.
                        &amp; 15<hi rend="sup">th</hi>/ &amp; sent by &lt;a&gt;
                        Frank the 16<hi rend="sup">th</hi>
<lb/>MS: Bodleian Library, MS Eng. Lett.
                        c. 22<lb/>Previously published: Kenneth Curry (ed.), <title level="m">New Letters
                            of Robert Southey</title>, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965), I, pp.
                        20–23 [in part; verse not reproduced]; Charles Cuthbert Southey (ed.), <title level="m">Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey</title>, 6 vols
                        (London, 1849–1850), I, p. 182 [in part; where it is dated 6 May
                        1793].</note>
</head>
<lb/>
<opener>
<dateline rend="right">
<date when="1793-05-05">Sunday. May the 5<hi rend="sup">th</hi>.
                            1793.</date>
<address>
<placeName>Balliol.</placeName>
</address>
<time>10 in the morning</time>
</dateline>
</opener>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Bedford</ref> you shall not
                    call our enterprize unfortunate need I again repeat that to me
                    &lt;it&gt; appears in a light very very different? Christ Church would
                    not have suited me — I should have been a grave owl amongst a set of chattering
                    jays — here at <ref target="places.html#BalliolOxford">Balliol</ref> I am as
                    happy as — I ever can be at Oxford — the manners of an University the discipline
                    the foundation &amp; the superstructure are to me equally disgreable — if
                    however Happiness is not to be found here ready made I must make what I do not
                    find — one proof of my sincerity here is my present employment. I have you
                    before my minds eye &amp; as for colleges doctors proctors &amp; bishops
                    they are like Shakespears fools to set off the grand character.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#CollinsCharles">C Collins</ref> has your letter at
                    present so Memory must supply an answer. the letter which you call long
                    &amp; which indeed was upon large paper I received upon return. what you
                    humbly name a mere hypothesis I am fully convinced of &amp; it gives me no
                    small pleasure to reflect that whilst you are in the current of vice &amp;
                    luxury &amp; I am in the pool of illiberality &amp; stupidity we can
                    both think the same &amp; exerting the same freedom of mind perhaps act the
                    same. upon this subject I could say much but you must essay it &amp; in the
                    mean time o votary of Indolence take an ode to Exercise written after a walk of
                    twenty eight miles at Chipping Norton</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Stern oer yon barren hills what daring form</l>
<l rend="indent4"> His loose locks waving to the western gale</l>
<l rend="indent3">Stalks on intrepid &amp; defies the storm.</l>
<l rend="indent4"> His keen dogs trace along the recent trail</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Around he casts the widely-glancing eye —</l>
<l rend="indent2"> The mountain roe is rousd — awakes the hunters cry.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Warriors of Morven,<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">In
                            the poems of Ossian, Morven was a mythical Gaelic kingdom.</note> oft
                        the morning air</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Reechoed to your grey dogs eager cry</l>
<l rend="indent3">Meantime the female lends her friendly ear</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Till Evenings milder splendour streaks the sky.</l>
<l rend="indent3">The loud horn echoes down the rocky glen</l>
<l rend="indent4"> The dogs attend obedient to their Lord</l>
<l rend="indent3">Rise the blue vapours oer the distant fen</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Whilst Morvens maidens spread the festive board.</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Loud strikes the daring Bard the strings of song</l>
<l rend="indent2"> And Rest those pleasures pays which still to toil belong.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Hark — twas the shield of war — portentous sound —</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Deep rings the warning on each warriors ear —</l>
<l rend="indent3">The bloody signal flies around —</l>
<l rend="indent4"> The Warriors snatch the spear.</l>
<l rend="indent2"> The still stern hum bursts forth — on moves the fight</l>
<l rend="indent2"> And Lochlins heroes sink to viel their shame in night</l>
<l rend="indent3">Such were o Exercise thy daring race</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Such were their sports &amp; (traind by thee) their
                        deeds.</l>
<l rend="indent4"> A long dull age of drowsy zeal succeeds</l>
<l rend="indent3">And Sloth commands around &amp; spreads around
                        disgrace.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2"> Saw ye yon eagle wing his lofty flight</l>
<l rend="indent3">High soaring onward thro the upper air?</l>
<l rend="indent3">His bold eye fearless of the dazzling glare</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Views unabashd the full meridian light.</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Yet weak &amp; nervelss once at rest</l>
<l rend="indent4"> He lurkd within the parent nest</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Till Exercise his pinions had maturd,</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Till Strength &amp; skill were gaind from many a toil
                        &lt;endurd&gt;</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Look on yon gaudy insects mincing pace</l>
<l rend="indent3">His well-curld head — his smoothly smurking face</l>
<l rend="indent3">The scarlet coat to catch the Ladies eye</l>
<l rend="indent3">The spangled sword that dangles at his thigh —</l>
<l rend="indent3">Poor Butterfly — art thou to guard our laws?</l>
<l rend="indent3">Art thou to fight old Englands daring cause?</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Where wilt thou turn when rough the winters storm</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Rolls oer (thy only pillow then) the ground?</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Where wilt thou save that pretty painted form</l>
<l rend="indent4"> When Death &amp; Fear &amp; Horror reign around?</l>
<l rend="indent4"> In vain thou’lt wish Pall<del rend="strikethrough">s</del>Malls parade to meet</l>
<l rend="indent4"> To saunter up &amp; down S<hi rend="sup">t</hi> James’s
                        street — </l>
<l rend="indent4"> To meet thy fellow insects of a day </l>
<l rend="indent2"> *When Toils robuster sons rush on with sinewy sway</l>
</lg>
<p rend="indent4">———————————————</p>
<p>*Perhaps these lines had not been written if I had thought of sending you the ode
                    at the time it was composed, believe me I had none of the Kellys<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">Possibly a reference to Montague Henry Kelly, a
                        contemporary of Southey and Bedford at Westminster School.</note> in my eye.
                    a scene I had lately witnessed prompted them &amp; I am the slave of the
                    moments impressi[MS torn]</p>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Ye lazy walls where dull monastic Pride</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Reclines on Sloths soft lap his well-wiggd head</l>
<l rend="indent3">So pleasd to shield the want of ought beside</l>
<l rend="indent4"> He views the ponderous folio’s leaves outspread</l>
<l rend="indent2"> How Reason mocks your snares — &amp; points to view</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Your fixed attendants long &amp; lazy crew!</l>
<l rend="indent4"> How start the spectres at her potent spear!</l>
<l rend="indent4"> See sauntering Indolence appear</l>
<l rend="indent4"> With haggard cheek &amp; listless eye</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And pale Ennui’s ill boding sigh —</l>
<l rend="indent4"> See Pedantry with weighty book</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And fixd laborious stupid look</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And mad Intemperance’ bloated race</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And fell Diseases haggard pace</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And Lassitude with panting breath</l>
<l rend="indent2"> And Lifes disgraceful shade close doggd by timeless
                        Death.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Inspect the studious life — at break of day</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Behold the youth still stretchd on downy bed</l>
<l rend="indent3">Till when the Sun sheds round his southern ray</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Slow from the couch he rears his aching head —</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Or chance if earlier — chance indeed how rare</l>
<l rend="indent3">Fear bids him rise to attend the morning prayer —</l>
<l rend="indent3">Behold him there half shaved &amp; half asleep</l>
<l rend="indent3">With mind ah how unfit! Devotions vigils keep.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Morn on the sopha idly wanes away</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Or at the billiard table source of woe!</l>
<l rend="indent3">To Fashions rules now Custom bids obey</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And Custom bids him to the bottle go —</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Tis Madness reigns. to Madness Vice succeeds</l>
<l rend="indent2"> And Nights dark curtain falls on more disgraceful deeds.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Sillery<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">Stéphanie
                            Félicité Ducrest de St-Aubin (1746–1830), Comtesse de Genlis, the wife
                            of Charles-Alexis Brulart (1737–1793), Marquis de Silery. She had
                            supervised the education of the children of the Duc d’Orleans
                            (1747–1793) and was said to have followed the educational precepts set
                            out in Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), <title level="m">Émile</title>
                            (1762).</note> were such the paths thro which thy hand</l>
<l rend="indent4"> Led the young pupils of each virtuous lore</l>
<l rend="indent3">Led them the foremost in the patriot band</l>
<l rend="indent4"> In Freedoms cause to strew the field with gore?</l>
<l rend="indent3">No. for to thee obedient Science came</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And lovelier Virtues soul bewitching form</l>
<l rend="indent3">And Exercise prepard the youths for fame</l>
<l rend="indent4"> And Labour nervd their sinews for the storm.</l>
<l rend="indent2"> Nor mild Religions heavenly sway forgot</l>
<l rend="indent2"> The princely boys were taught the virtues of the cot.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent2"> With faded cheeks or Arts vermillion hue</l>
<l rend="indent3">Midst gaudy Fashions gaily vested throng</l>
<l rend="indent2"> See Englands damsels fill the ball rooms crew</l>
<l rend="indent3">Or list the soft Italians nerveless song.</l>
<l rend="indent4"> No Health in cheeks like these blooms high</l>
<l rend="indent4"> No speaking soul illumes the eye</l>
<l rend="indent3">Tis listless Fashion only they pursue —</l>
<l rend="indent3">Reason but glances round &amp; sickens at the view.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">Come sturdy Exercise again</l>
<l rend="indent3">With Naure claim thy kindred reign —</l>
<l rend="indent3">Lead me at earliest dawn of day</l>
<l rend="indent3">Oer russet heaths to sped my way</l>
<l rend="indent3">Or oer the lofty mountains head</l>
<l rend="indent3">Or where the brooks wild streams are spread.</l>
<l rend="indent3">Let Healths blithe form on thee await</l>
<l rend="indent3">&amp; manly Strengths intrepid gait</l>
<l rend="indent3">Teach me o Genius more &amp; more</l>
<l rend="indent3">To spurn at Fashions vicious lore</l>
<l rend="indent3">To turn with scorn from Vices crew</l>
<l rend="indent3">And Virtues charms alone pursue.</l>
</lg>
<lb/>
<lg type="stanza">
<l rend="indent3">And if by Fate decreed a Wife</l>
<l rend="indent3">Should crown the comforts of my life</l>
<l rend="indent3">Ah let not Fashions tempting throng</l>
<l rend="indent3">Seduce her heedless steps along</l>
<l rend="indent3">Let not the gaudy croud entice</l>
<l rend="indent3">Nor Dissipation lead to Vice.</l>
<l rend="indent3">Her by the hand o Genius lead</l>
<l rend="indent3">Oer the flower bespangled mead</l>
<l rend="indent3">All Natures charms enrapt to see</l>
<l rend="indent3">And hear all Natures harmony</l>
<l rend="indent3">So Health shall mantle in her cheek</l>
<l rend="indent3">The Heart shall feel — the Eye shall speak —</l>
<l rend="indent3">Domestic joys her bliss shall prove</l>
<l rend="indent3">And every hour be wingd by Love.</l>
</lg>
<p rend="indent4"> ————————</p>
<p>You have it <ref target="people.html#BedfordGrosvenorCharles">Bedford</ref> as it
                    came from the mint of the brain with all the fantastic ornaments of the founder.
                    the young Egalite’s<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">Louis-Philippe
                        (1773–1850; King of France 1830–1848), Duc de Chartres, and Antoine Philippe
                        d’Orléans (1775–1807), Duc de Montpensier, two of the children of Louis
                        Philippe, Duc de Orléans, ‘Philippe Égalité’ (1747–1793). Louis-Philippe had
                        served in the French army, but fled into exile in April 1793.</note> deserve
                    the tribute I have paid them &amp; as (since then) they have forsaken the
                    enthusiasm of Republicanism you may perhaps be more likely to believe it. the
                    ode led me upon this &amp; I drop it if possible for ever. Peace be to all
                    men!</p>
<p rend="indent1"> What you say of Jack the second<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Johannes Secundus (1511–1536), poet.</note> more convinces me
                    of what I before advanced — you own it would be improper for a bad or a weak
                    young man &amp; think that the beauty of the language may recommend it to
                    one who is neither. Chastity you say is not the virtue of a man &amp; yet
                    Bedford you will I am sure agree that it ought to be. enthusiast as I am to
                    Rousseau I could wish his Eloise<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">Rousseau’s <title level="m">Julie, ou la Nouvelle Héloïse</title>
                        (1761).</note> gently corrected Mithridates<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">Mithridates VI, King of Pontus (132–63 BC; reigned 123–72
                        BC), who swallowed small doses of poison to build up immunity.</note>
                    swallowed antidotes for fear of poison. I swallowed one without knowing it
                    &amp; hope I shall always feel its effects but my prescription which suits
                    me so admirably would excite pity in the philosopher &amp; contempt in the
                    fool. if all Physicians would be thus convinced &amp; thus destroy their
                    scraps of paper (very often lettres de cachet for committment to the narrow
                    Bastile) humanity would be no loser. I have left <ref target="people.html#CollinsCharles">C Collins</ref> to chew the cud of
                    reflection over your letter — you will rejoice as much as I do to hear he has
                    got the third prize. I am going to translate his verses. do me the justice to
                    believe that the applause of Cyril Jackson<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">Cyril Jackson (1746–1819; <title level="m">DNB</title>), Dean
                        of Christ Church, Oxford.</note> confers no additional merit to them in the
                    opinion of RS.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> We have served young <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Wynn</ref> worse then ever his friend <ref target="people.html#ButtJohnMarten">Martin</ref> was used returning from
                    Abingdon by water (we were five in all) contrary to the will &amp;
                    convenience of all he would bathe. he did so. we hid his cloaths run the boat on
                    shore &amp; ran thro the wood. Compassion (better late than never) at last
                    touchd us &amp; we returnd. I never was so angry with myself as upon
                    reflection the moment I beheld his fresco form. now I can laugh he was walking
                    with the game keeper in [MS obscured] birthday suit shivering with an oil skin
                    cap upon his head. we voted him Carde[MS torn] <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Wynn</ref> had too much good humour to be
                    offended &amp; too good a constitution to be injured. the day was very
                    pleasant &amp; this circumstance will now enhance the pleasure of
                    recollection. he will learn the use of cloaths &amp; I shall learn
                    consideration </p>
<p rend="indent1"> I would advise you to walk to the Installation as you will find a
                    horse of no use here. <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Wynn</ref> will if
                    you wish inquire concerning his innstallation. but for once use the legs which
                    God gave you with Aristocratic principles all your thoughts &amp; actions
                    are from Democratic motives &amp; I am far more proud of this similarity
                    than if system or enthusiasm taught us both to bellow God save the King whilst
                    Priestleys house was on fire<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">The
                        destruction of the house of the scientist and philosopher, Joseph Priestley
                        (1733–1804; <title>DNB</title>), during the Birmingham riots, July
                        1791.</note> or to yell out Ca ira whilst poor Louis<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">Louis XVI (1754–1793; reigned 1774–1792), was
                        executed on 21 January 1793.</note> was on the scaffold walk to Oxford in
                    all the pride of Humility &amp; for once feel that total independance upon
                    foreign aid which Peripatetics must experience I will meet you as far as our
                    blessed laws will permit me at least fifteen miles distant. it happens the first
                    week in July. <ref target="people.html#BedfordHoraceWalpole">your brother</ref>
                    I hope will come with you. why do not you follow his good example in
                    corresponding I have sent you a long letter &amp; a long ode now I expect a
                    fair exchange of commodities your next must come soon &amp; bring with it a
                    cargo of verses &amp; you shall then in return have either the Death of Odin
                    — Mortality or Romance<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">‘The Death of
                        Odin’ and ‘Romance’ both appeared in Southey and Robert Lovell’s <title level="m">Poems</title> (1795); ‘Mortality’ was published under the
                        signature ‘S.’ in the <title level="m">Monthly Magazine</title>, 2 (July
                        1796). ‘Poetry’ was not published; a version in Southey’s hand is in the
                        Houghton Library, MS Eng 265.2.</note> (the companion of Poetry). which you
                    please. Idleness is the Devils footstool. the first link of the chain of
                    iniquity. for me, I am resolved if possible never to suffer one moments vacancy
                    of mind — fly from one employment to another but never permit that fatal vacuum
                    which lies open to every thing that is evil.</p>
<p rend="indent1">
<ref target="people.html#ThorpMr">M<hi rend="sup">r</hi>. Thorp Jun<hi rend="sup">r</hi>.</ref> enquired after you &amp; all your family
                    last night. I made use of your name from a motive perhaps not quite right. I
                    wanted some conversation with the man who thro his microscope from the top of
                    the house can distinguish the basilisk in Blenheim Park.<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">A cryptic, probably humorous, remark. The
                        identity of the man with the microscope is unknown. The grounds of Blenheim
                        Palace contained an observatory and also an obelisk commemorating the
                        victories of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough (1650–1722; <title level="m">DNB</title>), but not a basilisk; see William Fordyce Mavor
                        (1758–1837; <title level="m">DNB</title>), <title level="m">New Description
                            of Blenheim, the Seat of His Grace the Duke of Marlborough</title>
                        (London, 1793), pp. 24, 100. The basilisk might be a reference to the owner
                        of Blenheim, George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough (1739–1817; <title level="m">DNB</title>), who controlled the pocket-borough of
                        Woodstock.</note> the man seems very happy &amp; is very civil. he
                    expressed much pleasure (sincerely too I think) at your intended visit to
                    Oxford. to day is a Gaudy Day. when we pay 2<hi rend="sup">s</hi>. 6<hi rend="sup">d</hi> for our dinner eat 6<hi rend="sup">d</hi> worth of fruit
                    &amp; in general get drunk! drunkeness is not my foible &amp; I have a
                    set of sober friends few enough to put Decency to the blush good enough to
                    support her cause. <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Wynn</ref> with whom
                    I spent yesterday absolutely accuses me of want of Ambition the accusation gave
                    me great pleasure. he wants me to wish distinction &amp; to seek it — I want
                    it not — I wish it not. the abilities which Nature gave me which Fashion has not
                    cramped &amp; which Vanity often magnifies are never neglected — I will
                    cultivate them with diligence but only for my friends — if I can amuse &amp;
                    please them — if I can bring myself sometimes to their Remembrance I have
                    attained the ne plus ultra of my ambition. Prebendaries Deaneries &amp;
                    Bishopricks may be hunted by the fools &amp; rogues in black who wish them.
                    I shall feel prouder in the coarse country jacket digging in my own garden than
                    if tricked out with lawn sleeves or the purple tiara. &amp; more like a
                    minister of Christ when easing the woes of Poverty &amp; smoothing the bed
                    of Death than if bellowing blasphemy on the 30<hi rend="sup">th</hi> of
                        January,<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">Commemoration of the
                        execution of Charles I (1600–1649; reigned 1625–1649; <title level="m">DNB</title>).</note> or supporting Intolerance on the wool sack.</p>
<closer>
<salute rend="indent3">yr enthusiastic friend</salute>
</closer>
<closer>
<signed rend="indent4">RS.</signed>
</closer>
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</TEI>
