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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 2: 1798-1803 </title>
<title type="subordinate">A Romantic Circles Electronic Edition</title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<editor>Lynda Pratt</editor>
<sponsor>Romantic Circles</sponsor>
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<resp>General Editor, </resp>
<name>Neil Fraistat</name>
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<resp>General Editor, </resp>
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</respStmt>
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<date>2011-08-15</date>
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<idno type="nines">rce442</idno>
<idno type="edition">letterEEd.26.433</idno>
<publisher>Romantic Circles, http://www.rc.umd.edu, University of Maryland</publisher>
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<date when="2011-08-15">August 15, 2011</date>
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<p>Royal Institution, London,
                        Davy MSS.  Previously  published: John Davy (ed.), Fragmentary
                            Remains, Literary and Scientific, of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.
                        (London, 1858), pp. 34–36 [in part; misdated 4 May 1799].Dating note:
                        Southey dates this letter as ‘May 4.99’. But its contents, including
                        references to the recently-published Annual Anthology (1799),
                        Southey’s walking-tour in north Somerset and his new lodgings in Exeter, all
                        date the letter to early September 1799. </p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="433" type="letter">
<head>433. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#DavyHumphry">Humphry
                        Davy</ref>, <date when="1799-09-04">[4 September 1799]</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: [deletion and readdress in another hand] To/ M<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Davy/ Pneumatic Institution/ <del rend="strikethrough">Hot
                            Wells</del> &lt;Post Office minehead&gt;/ Bristol. / Single<lb/>Stamped:
                        EXETER<lb/>Endorsement: May 99/ Exeter <lb/>MS: Royal Institution, London,
                        Davy MSS<lb/>Previously published: John Davy (ed.), <title>Fragmentary
                            Remains, Literary and Scientific, of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.</title>
                        (London, 1858), pp. 34–36 [in part; misdated 4 May 1799].<lb/>Dating note:
                        Southey dates this letter as ‘May 4.99’. But its contents, including
                        references to the recently-published <title>Annual Anthology</title> (1799),
                        Southey’s walking-tour in north Somerset and his new lodgings in Exeter, all
                        date the letter to early September 1799. </note>
</head>
<p rend="indent1"> Your Mounts-Bay, my dear Davy, disappointed me in its
                        length.<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">Humphry Davy, ‘Extract from
                        an unfinished poem upon Mount’s-Bay’, <title>Annual Anthology</title>
                        (Bristol, 1799), pp. 281–286.</note> I expected more &amp; wishd more,
                    because what there is is good. there is a certain swell – an elevation in the
                    flow of the blank verse, which I know not how, produces an effect like the
                    fullness of an organ-swell upon the feelings. I have felt it from the rythm of
                        Milton<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">John Milton (1608–1674;
                            <title>DNB</title>).</note> – &amp; sometimes of Akenside<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">Mark Akenside (1721–1770;
                        <title>DNB</title>).</note> – a pleasure wholly independant of that derived
                    from the soul of the poetry, arising from the beauty of the body only – I
                    believe a man who did not understand a word of it would feel pleasure &amp;
                    emotion at hearing such lines read with the tone of a poet. the character drawn
                    of Theora is I think out of place – it is not a common character. &amp; the
                    story is no ways influenced by it. the passion to be excited is <hi rend="ital">pity</hi>, not admiration.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I must not press the subject of poetry upon you – only do not
                    lose the feeling, &amp; the habit of seeing all things with a poets eye. at
                    Bristol you have a good society – but not a man who knows any thing of poetry.
                        <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">D<hi rend="sup">r</hi>
                    Beddoes</ref>’ taste is very pessimism. <ref target="people.html#CottleJoseph">Cottle<del rend="strikethrough">s</del>
</ref> only likes what his
                    friends &amp; himself write. Every person fancies himself competent to pronounce
                    upon the merits of a poem. &amp; yet no trade no science requires so long an
                    apprenticeship, or involves the necessity of such multifarious knowledge. I want
                    an equal reader to judge my poems, one whose knowledge &amp; taste is
                    commensurate with mine, who has thought as much upon the subject – or else one
                    who pretends not to criticise but will surrender his feelings to me &amp; follow
                    the impulse they receive. </p>
<p rend="indent1"> It gave me pain to see <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">D<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Beddoes</ref>’s Domiciliary Verses inserted in
                    the Anthology.<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">Thomas Beddoes’s
                        ‘Domiciliary Verses’ appeared in <title>Annual Anthology</title> (Bristol,
                        1799), pp. 287–288.</note> when I left Bristol a variance subsisted between
                    myself &amp; <ref target="people.html#ColeridgeSamuelTaylor">Coleridge</ref>. I
                    had therefore reason on the score of delicacy not to make myself the means of
                    publishing any thing designed as a ridicule either upon him or his friend
                    Wordsworth, &amp; those lines at the time they were written were handed about as
                    such. this I requested <ref target="people.html#CottleJoseph">Cottle</ref> to
                    mention to <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">Dr B.</ref> as a reason for
                    not inserting them. he did so &amp; <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">Dr
                        B</ref> replied that unless they were inserted, nothing of his should. the
                        epigram<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Beddoes’s ‘On Some Modern
                        Improvements in a Celebrated Spot in Gloucestershire’, <title>Annual
                            Anthology</title> (Bristol, 1799), p. 248.</note> was then already
                    printed &amp; <ref target="people.html#CottleJoseph">Cottle</ref> did right not
                    to offend the <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">Doctor</ref> himself. But
                    had I been then in Bristol, his poems should have been immediately returned
                    &amp; what was already printed cancelled. I respect <ref target="people.html#BeddoesThomas">Dr Beddoes</ref> – but in this instance
                    he has acted with an indelicacy &amp; a kind of arrogance which I never before
                    experienced. for the second volume<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">The
                        second volume of the <title>Annual Anthology</title> was published in
                        1800.</note> of course no application shall be made to him.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> The second volume I hope to send to press early in November.
                    sometimes remember this, &amp; let it <del rend="strikethrough">prevent</del>
                    &lt;save&gt; a poetizing impulse from being repelled.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I have been long idle, or rather lying fallow. after writing to
                    you I walkd to the Valley of Stones &amp; to Ilfracombe. on my return we
                    remained a fortnight at <ref target="places.html#Stowey">Stowey</ref> with <ref target="people.html#ColeridgeSamuelTaylor">Coleridge</ref>, where <ref target="people.html#FrickerEdith">Edith</ref> gradually recovered, &amp;
                    where with walking &amp; talking I was compleatly occupied. we travelled
                    together to Ottery S<hi rend="sup">t</hi> Mary – &amp; after vainly seeking
                    lodgings on the coast or in the villages near I found lodgings on Monday last at
                        M<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Tuckers. Fore-Street-Hill. Exeter.<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">Possibly the retired stationer and bookseller
                        Richard Tucker (fl. 1779–1784), whose business had occupied premises on
                        Fore-Street, Exeter.</note> whither direct. <ref target="people.html#ColeridgeSamuelTaylor">Coleridge</ref> is eleven miles
                    distant at <ref target="people.html#ColeridgeGeorge">his brothers</ref>. he will
                    pass some time here. we have formed the plan of a long poem to execute in
                    hexameters. but this you had better not mention as it will need a strong
                    preliminary attack to bully people out of their prejudices against innovations
                    in metre. our story is Mohammed.<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">Coleridge and Southey’s plan for a jointly-written poem in hexameters on
                        Muhammad (570–632), the Prophet of Islam, did not make much progress. A
                        fragment by Southey was published posthumously in <title>Oliver Newman: a
                            New-England Tale</title> (London, 1845), pp. 113–116; and 14 lines by
                        Coleridge in <title>The Poetical Works of S. T. Coleridge</title>, 3 vols
                        (London, 1834), II, p. 68. For Southey’s notes for, and early sketch of, the
                        poem see <title>Common-Place Book</title>, ed. John Wood Warter, 4 series
                        (London, 1849–1850), IV, pp. 18–20.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> At Lymouth I saw Tobins<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">Either the abolitionist <ref target="people.html#TobinJamesWebbe">James
                            Webbe Tobin</ref> or his brother John Tobin (1770–1804;
                            <title>DNB</title>), playwright.</note> friend Williams<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">Williams (first name and dates unknown) was the
                        ‘natural son’ of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1743–1805;
                            <title>DNB</title>), <title>Common-Place Book</title>, ed. John Wood
                        Warter, 4 series (London, 1849–1850), IV, p. 521.</note> who opened upon me
                    with an account of the gazeous oxyd.<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">Nitrous oxide, or ‘laughing gas’.</note> I had the advantage of him, having
                    felt what he it seems, had only seen. Lymouth where he is fixd is certainly the
                    most beautiful place I have seen in England – so beautiful that all the after
                    scenes come flat &amp; uninteresting. <del rend="strikethrough">it may
                        xxxxxx</del> the Valley of Stones is about half-a-mile distant, <del rend="strikethrough">as</del> a strange &amp; magnificent which ought to
                    have filled the whole neighbourhood with traditions of giants &amp; devils &amp;
                    magicians. but I could find none – not even a lie preserved. I know too little
                    of natural history to hypothesize upon the cause of this valley: it appeard to
                    me that nothing but water could have so defleshed &amp; laid bare the bones of
                    the earth. that any inundation which could have overstopped these heights must
                    have deluged the kingdom – but the opposite hills are clothed <del rend="strikethrough">with vegetable</del> with vegetable soil &amp; verdure
                    – therefore the cause must have been partial. a water-spout might have
                    occasioned it perhaps – &amp; there my conjectures rested – or rather took a new
                    direction to the Preadamite Kings,<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">Both
                        Christian and Muslim theologians had speculated about the existence on earth
                        of non-human civilizations before the creation of Adam. William Beckford’s
                        (1760–1844; <title>DNB</title>) <title>An Arabian Tale, From An Unpublished
                            Manuscript: With Notes Critical and Explanatory</title> (London, 1786),
                        pp. 196, 205, had popularised the notion and used the specific phrase
                        ‘Pre-Adamite Kings’.</note> the fiends who married Diocletians fifty
                    daughters – their giant progeny<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">John
                        Milton (1608–1674; <title>DNB</title>), ‘History of Britain’, <title>The
                            Works of John Milton, Historical, Political, and Miscellaneous. ... To
                            Which is Prefixed, An Account of His Life and Writings</title>, 2 vols
                        (London, 1753), II, pp. 2–3.</note> – old Merlin<note n="14" place="foot" resp="editors">Legendary wizard at the Court of King Arthur.</note> &amp;
                    the builders of the Giants Causeway.<note n="15" place="foot" resp="editors">In
                        legend, the Irish giant Finn McCool built the causeway in order to walk to
                        Scotland to fight the Scottish giant Benandonner.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> For the next Anthology I project a poem on our Clifton
                        Rocks.<note n="16" place="foot" resp="editors">A series of rocks and cliffs
                        in the Avon gorge, near the Bristol suburb of Clifton. For the plan of this
                        poem see <title>Common-Place Book</title>, ed. John Wood Warter, 4 series
                        (London, 1849–1850), IV, pp. 195–196.</note> the scenery is fresh in my
                    sight – &amp; these kind of poems derive a more interesting cast as <hi rend="ital">recollections</hi> than as immediate pictures.</p>
<closer>
<salute rend="indent1"> farewell</salute>
<salute rend="indent2"> yours truly</salute>
<signed rend="indent3"> Robert Southey.</signed>
</closer>
<postscript>
<p>
<address>
<placeName>Exeter.</placeName>
</address>
<date when="1799-09-04">Thursday May<note n="17" place="foot" resp="editors">May: Southey misdates, the letter was written in September.</note>
                            4. 99.</date>
</p>
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