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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 2: 1798-1803 </title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<idno type="nines">rce456</idno>
<idno type="edition">letterEEd.26.447</idno>
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<p>Royal Institution, London, Davy
                        MSS.  Previously  published: John Davy (ed.),
                            Fragmentary Remains, Literary and Scientific,
                            of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart. (London, 1858),
                        pp. 39–41.</p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
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											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="447" type="letter">
<head>447. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#DavyHumphry">Humphry Davy</ref>,
                        <date when="1799-10-18">18 October 1799</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: To/
                            M<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Davy./ Pneumatic
                        Institution./ Hot Wells./ Bristol. /
                        Single<lb/>Endorsements: Oct 99 Southey; Oct: 1899/
                        Ringwood <lb/>MS: Royal Institution, London, Davy
                        MSS<lb/>Previously published: John Davy (ed.),
                            <title>Fragmentary Remains, Literary and Scientific,
                            of Sir Humphry Davy, Bart.</title> (London, 1858),
                        pp. 39–41.</note>
</head>
<p rend="indent1"> Massena!<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">Jean-Andre Massena (1758–1817), French
                        general, commander during the French victory at the
                        Second Battle of Zurich, 25–26 September 1799.</note>
                        Buonaparte!<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">Napoleon Bonaparte (1769–1821; First Consul 1799–1804,
                        Emperor of the French 1804–1814).</note> Switzerland –
                    Italy – Holland – Egypt – all at once!<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">French armies had won the
                        following victories: Second Battle of Zurich, 25–26
                        September 1799, securing command of Switzerland; Battle
                        of Castricum, 6 October 1799, halting the Anglo-Russian
                        invasion of Holland; Battle of Aboukir Bay, 25 July
                        1799, destroying an Ottoman army that was invading
                        Egypt. Only in Italy were the French being
                        defeated.</note> the very spring-tide of fortune, – it
                    was a dose of gaseous oxyd<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">Nitrous oxide, or ‘laughing gas’.</note>
                    to me whose powerful delight still endures. – I was about
                    writing to you when your letter reached me. Your
                        Researches<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Humphry Davy, <title>Researches, Chemical and
                            Philosophical, Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide, or
                            Dephlogisticated Nitrous Air, and Its
                            Respiration</title> (1800).</note> into the science
                    of Nature &amp; of Man I shall look for with periodical
                    eagerness; fully estimating the importance of researches,
                        <del rend="strikethrough">the</del> which unfortunately
                    I shall only be able imperfectly to understand. Science I
                    have none, except in Anatomy. knowing little but terms.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Thalaba the Destroyer,<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">Southey’s Islamic romance
                            <title>Thalaba the Destroyer</title> (1801).</note>
                    for so you must call the ci-devant Destruction of the
                    Dom-Daniel, has been for some time suspended. At Exeter the
                    advantage of a good library<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">Exeter Cathedral Library, which contained
                        over 6,000 books.</note> induced me to employ my time in
                    laying in materials, a magazine of information,
                    winter-stores for this country, where there is a dearth of
                    books. So I travelled into Egypt &amp; the Levant &amp;
                    Persia &amp; the East Indies with every traveller whom I
                    could find going that way – Fryer – Olearius – Mandelslo –
                    De la Roque – the lying Lucas – Chardin the Jeweller who is
                    worth them all, &amp; who – plague on the Revolution of
                    1688! never published in English his last three volumes – so
                    that I could only get at the first.<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">John Fryer (d. 1733; <title>DNB</title>),
                            <title>A New Account of East-India and Persia, in
                            Eight Letters. Being Nine Years Travels, Begun in
                            1672, Finished 1681</title> (1698); Adam Olearius
                        (1603–1671), <title>The Voyages and Travells of the
                            Ambassadors Sent by Frederick Duke of Holstein, to
                            the Great Duke of Muscovy, and the King of Persia.
                            Begun in the Year MDCXXXIII and Finish’d in
                            MDCXXXIX</title>, trans. John Davies (1625–1693;
                            <title>DNB</title>), 2nd edn (1669); Johann Albrecht
                        von Mandelslo (1616–1664), <title>The Voyages and
                            Travels of J. Albrecht von Mandelslo (A Gentleman
                            belonging to the Embassy, sent by the Duke of
                            Holstein to the great Duke of Muscovy, and the King
                            of Persia) into the East Indies. Begun in the year
                            MDCXXXIII and finish’d in MDCXL</title>, trans. John
                        Davies, 2nd edn (1669); Jean de La Roque (1661–1745),
                            <title>Voyage de Syrie &amp; du Mont-Libon</title>
                        (1722); Paul Lucas (1664–1737), <title>Voyage du Sieur
                            Paul Lucas, fait par ordre du Roi dans la Grece,
                            l’Asie Mineure, la Macedonie et l’Afrique</title>
                        (1712). Lucas’s description of the ‘fairy chimneys’ of
                        Cappadocia in Asia Minor (eroded volcanic rock
                        formations) as pyramids or ancient cemeteries led to
                        widespread accusations of lying and exaggeration. John
                        Chardin (1643–1713), <title>Travels of Sir John Chardin
                            into Persia and Ye East Indies, Through the Black
                            Sea, And into the Country of Colchis</title> (1686).
                        Chardin was a Protestant French jeweller who travelled
                        extensively in Persia and settled in England in 1681.
                        The ‘Glorious Revolution’ of 1688 disrupted publication
                        of further English volumes of his
                        <title>Travels</title>, but a complete edition was
                        published in French in Amsterdam in 1711. All these
                        books, apart from Lucas, appeared in Southey’s notes to
                            <title>Thalaba the Destroyer</title> (1801).</note>
                    My employment was gutting these for notes – information
                    served as a leaven for invention, incidents were grafted
                    upon local or national traits – &amp; like the Bee I have
                    laid up my winter store of food. Since my arrival here I
                    have resumed the story, &amp; am now rapidly advancing to
                    the close of the fourth book.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> For the Anthology also I have done something.
                    Some Songs characteristic of the different tribes of
                        American-Indians<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Annual Anthology</title> (Bristol, 1800)
                        contained three ‘Songs’ on native Americans: ‘The
                        Huron’s Address to the Dead’, pp. 56–58; ‘The Old
                        Chikkasah to his Grandson’, pp. 83–85; and ‘Song of the
                        Araucans during a thunder-storm’, pp. 297–299. None were
                        written especially for the <title>Annual
                            Anthology</title>. Indeed, they were each published
                        in the <title>Morning Post</title>, on 24 October 1799,
                        21 September 1799 and 10 August 1799
                        respectively.</note> will form <del rend="strikethrough">an diff</del> division of some length – in the after
                        volumes<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">Only two
                        volumes of the <title>Annual Anthology</title> were
                        published, in 1799 and 1800 respectively. Southey
                        planned a third, but it did not appear.</note> I shall
                    continue the plan &amp; go thro the different nations whose
                    customs &amp; superstitions seem fit for poetry. I purpose a
                    poem of some length on our rocks at the Hot Wells<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">See
                            <title>Common-Place Book</title>, ed. John Wood
                        Warter, 4 series (London, 1849–1850), IV, pp. 195–196
                        for Southey’s plan for a poem on the Avon gorge, near
                        Bristol.</note> – in that calm &amp; elevated blank
                    verse which when I have written has excited in me stronger
                    emotion than any other species of composition. here I shall
                    affix my name. thank <del rend="strikethrough">x</del>
<ref target="people.html#TobinJamesWebbe">Tobin</ref>
<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">James Webbe Tobin
                        contributed eight poems, all signed ‘J.W.T.’, to the
                            <title>Annual Anthology</title> (Bristol, 1800):
                        ‘Lines Written in Devonshire’, pp. 41–42; ‘The
                        Gallinipper’, pp. 46–49; ‘To Lydia’, pp. 101–102; ‘Ode
                        to Mr Packwood’, pp. 137–139; ‘Sonnet III’, p. 147; and
                        ‘Epigrams XV–XVII’, pp. 271–272.</note> for his intended
                    communications in my name – I shall be glad to receive them.
                    his Soldiers Ghost<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">Tobin’s poem did not appear in the <title>Annual
                            Anthology</title> (1800).</note> is a fine poem if
                    he does not intend to print it, I should be much gratified
                    by having a copy.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I am revolutionizing here – organizing two
                    beggarly cottages into one dwelling house. in the course of
                    a fortnight we shall have a comfortable habitation to enter
                    – small but big enough to hold us &amp; any friend who may
                    think it worth while to visit us. there is a garden quite
                    large enough &amp; quite empty, so that I may follow my own
                    taste in filling it – the ground is very good &amp; has long
                    been fattening in fallowness. here I mean to take much of my
                    necessary quantum of exercise.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> The Brutus of your plan I suppose to be the
                    fabulous settler of Britain.<note n="14" place="foot" resp="editors">Brutus, in legend the first king of
                        Britain and great-grandson of Aeneas.</note> you will
                    find Popes sketch on the subject in Ruffheads life of
                        Pope<note n="15" place="foot" resp="editors">Owen
                        Ruffhead (c.1723–1769; <title>DNB</title>), <title>The
                            Life of Alexander Pope, Esq. Compiled from Original
                            Manuscripts; With a Critical Essay on His Writings
                            and Genius</title> (London, 1769), pp.
                        409–420.</note> – there is little merit or originality
                    in it. from its utter obscurity the story is good – &amp; it
                    suits a Cornish man from the rank Corineus<note n="16" place="foot" resp="editors">In legend, Corineus was a
                        Trojan follower of Brutus. When the latter divided up
                        his new kingdom of Britain, Cornwall was allotted to
                        Corineus.</note> must necessarily hold. perhaps I
                    mistake your hero however – &amp; you may <del rend="strikethrough">mean</del> have chosen the more
                    elevated &amp; republican theme of Rome delivered – &amp;
                    the expulsion of the Tarquins.<note n="17" place="foot" resp="editors">Lucius Iunius Brutus, the man credited
                        with expelling the last king of Rome, Tarquinius
                        Superbus (King of Rome 534–509 BC).</note> a difficult
                    &amp; mighty subject. – Mango Capac<note n="18" place="foot" resp="editors">Legendary founder of Incan Peru and the
                        subject of a proposed poem by Southey.</note> lies among
                    my after plans – a solitary <del rend="strikethrough">name
                        xx</del> germ fermenting in some recess of my brain,
                        <del rend="strikethrough">by</del> one day by
                    developement &amp; accretion to assume a mature shape &amp;
                    size. the history is so utterly unaccountable that I can
                    form no hypothesis probable enough for poetry.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Will you be good enough to send me some
                    foxglove for <ref target="people.html#SoutheyMargaret">my
                        mother</ref> &amp; likewise some of the asthma-drops,
                    that she may take when her cough is removed? <ref target="people.html#DanversCharles">Danvers</ref> will
                    convey them to me. – I shall not visit Bristol till I come
                    to superintend the printing of Thalaba – w[MS torn] must
                    first be written. in the spring however this will bring me
                    there – &amp; I shall work perhaps with more eager industry
                    that I may the sooner see the old city where I &lt;have&gt;
                    ever had some person to remember with affection. <ref target="people.html#FrickerEdith">Edith</ref> is
                    tolerable – &amp; desires to be remembered to you. <ref target="people.html#SoutheyTom">My brother</ref> – whom
                    you once saw – is a prisoner at Ferrol.<note n="19" place="foot" resp="editors">It was widely reported in
                        the British Press in early October 1799, e.g. <title>St
                            James’s Chronicle</title>, 5 October 1799, that the
                        brig, <hi rend="ital">Sylph</hi>, on which <ref target="people.html#SoutheyTom">Tom Southey</ref>
                        was serving, had been captured and was at the Spanish
                        port of Ferrol.</note> &amp; we are anxiously waiting to
                    hear from him.</p>
<closer>
<salute rend="indent1"> God bless you</salute>
<salute rend="indent2"> yrs truly</salute>
<signed rend="indent3"> Robert Southey.</signed>
</closer>
<postscript>
<p>
<address>
<placeName>
<ref target="places.html#Burton">Burton</ref>.</placeName>
</address>
<date> Friday &lt;Oct.&gt; 18. 99.</date>
</p>
<p>
<hi rend="ital">near Ringwood</hi>. </p>
</postscript>
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