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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 2: 1798-1803 </title>
<title type="subordinate">A Romantic Circles Electronic Edition</title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<p>Beinecke
                        Library, Chauncey Brewster Tinker MS Collection, GEN MSS
                        310, Box 13, folder 555.  Previously  published:
                        Kenneth Curry (ed.), New Letters of Robert
                            Southey, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965),
                        I, pp. 242-245.</p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="571" type="letter">
<head>571. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#MayJohn">John May</ref>, <date when="1801-03-27">27 March
                        1801</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: To/ John May Esq<hi rend="sup">r</hi>/ Richmond Green/ Surry./
                        Single<lb/>Postmarks: [partial] OF/ AP; H;
                        13<lb/>Endorsement: N<hi rend="sup">o</hi> 59. 1801/
                        Robert Southey/ Lisbon 27<hi rend="sup">th</hi> March/
                            rec<hi rend="sup">d</hi>. 13<hi rend="sup">th</hi>
                        April/ ans<hi rend="sup">d</hi>. 20<hi rend="sup">th</hi> d<hi rend="sup">o</hi>.<lb/>MS: Beinecke
                        Library, Chauncey Brewster Tinker MS Collection, GEN MSS
                        310, Box 13, folder 555<lb/>Previously published:
                        Kenneth Curry (ed.), <title>New Letters of Robert
                            Southey</title>, 2 vols (London and New York, 1965),
                        I, pp. 242-245.</note>
</head>
<opener>
<dateline rend="left">
<date when="1801-03-27">March 27. 1801. </date>
<address>
<placeName> Lisbon.</placeName>
</address>
</dateline>
<salute>My dear friend</salute>
</opener>
<p rend="indent1"> Of late my time has been so employed that I
                    neither recollect the time or subject of my last letter. yet
                    I think it related to my brother <ref target="people.html#SoutheyHenryHerbert">Harry</ref>
                    &amp; expressed a full satisfaction with all the
                    arrangements that have been made for him. On my return to
                    Lisbon I found a letter from him, a manly &amp; sensible
                    letter, of a spirit that anticipated success &amp; bids fair
                    to deserve &amp; obtain it. – I drew on you yesterday again.
                    as I have no propensity to extravagance it is useless to
                    regret expences unavoidable &amp; well bestowed. the work of
                    twelvemonths in England will balance my accounts with <del rend="strikethrough">xxx</del> you, &amp; again set me
                    equal with my income. – Your little girl<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">John May’s first child,
                        Susan (b. 26 September 1800), died on 12 February
                        1801.</note> – but consolation is idle common-place. all
                    I could say, you have thought. it is a reparable loss –
                    &amp; the younger the plant the easier are its roots plucked
                    up.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> We have – as you probably know from other
                    quarters – been travelling.<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">For an account of this journey, see
                        Southey’s journal, published in Adolfo Cabral,
                            <title>Robert Southey: Journals of a Residence in
                            Portugal 1800-1801 and a Visit to France
                            1838</title> (Oxford, 1960), pp. 15-33.</note>
                    Caldas by the Torres Vadras road, Alcobaca, Batalha, the
                    Fabric, Coimbra, Thomar – Santarem – this has been our rout,
                    &amp; in twenty days, with some little expence of money
                    &amp; fatigue – we have seen enough to remember for the
                    remainder of our lives. <ref target="people.html#SetonBarbara">Miss Seton</ref> (M<hi rend="sup">rs</hi> Burns<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">Wife of William Burn (dates unknown),
                        member of the British factory at Lisbon.</note> knows
                    her &amp; her talents) the Miss Petries,<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">The two Petrie sisters
                        (dates unknown). They were possibly related to Martin
                        Petrie (d. 1805), a Commissary in the British
                        Army.</note> &amp; Waterhouse<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">Samuel Waterhouse (dates unknown), later
                        a prominent member of the British community in
                        Lisbon.</note> whom I have before mentioned as my chief
                    acquaintance here, formed our party. rather too large a one.
                    a Doctor at Aldea da Cruz of whom we besought house room in
                    distress told us that four Ladies were “hum grande
                        incommodo.”<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">The
                        Portuguese translates as ‘a great nuisance’.</note> we
                    did not find them so. they made our chocolate at morning,
                    laughed with us by day &amp; enjoyed the scenery, &amp; at
                    night endured flea biting with a patience that entitles them
                    to an honourable place in the next martyrology. All Lisbon I
                    believe thought us [MS obscured] when we set out, &amp; they
                    now regard our return with equal envy, as nothing but our
                    complections have suffered. <ref target="people.html#FrickerEdith">Edith</ref> has
                    acquired a good Squaw tint – &amp; I am of a fine copper, –
                    a perfect Chikkasaw bloom. Our oddest adventure was at Aldea
                    da Cruz, a village under Ourem, mid-way between Leiria &amp;
                    Thomar. the road is little frequented, &amp; the only two
                    rooms at the Estalagem were employed as warehouses for
                        bacalhao.<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">Codfish, often salted.</note> necessity is never nice.
                    the Corregidor Bernardo Antonio Macedo<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">A local official who
                        presided over the town council and administered
                        justice.</note> called on us &amp; sent four beds for
                    the Ladies. Waterhouse had a pile of salt fish for his bed,
                    &amp; I slept <hi rend="ital">sweetly</hi> under it. the
                    next morning among the villagers who were standing to gaze
                    at us I saw a schoolboy lingering with his book under his
                    arm. a fine boy about 12 years old. I looked at his book –
                    the only one he learns. it was “Directions for a converted
                    sinner.” poor boy! I longed for Robinson Crusoe or the
                    Arabian Tales<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">Daniel
                        Defoe (c. 1659-1731; <title>DNB</title>),
                            <title>Robinson Crusoe</title> (1719). The first
                        English version of the group of traditional Arabic
                        stories known as the <title>Arabian Tales</title> had
                        appeared in 1706.</note> to give him. At Thomar we had a
                    high entertainment. <ref target="people.html#KosterJohnTheodore">Koster</ref> had
                    given me letters to Verdier.<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">Timoteo Lecussan Verdier (1754-1831),
                        Portuguese man of letters and mill-owner. He was of
                        French origin.</note> you probably know him – or at
                    least his character &amp; that of his wife.<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">Elena Frizoni (dates
                        unknown).</note> the sort of family that novels
                    sometimes picture, &amp; which I never elsewhere saw in real
                    life. a large family trained up in solitude, dotingly
                    attached to each other, drawing, playing, &amp; speaking
                    four languages – all their mothers work – their English such
                    as of native English children. Verdier himself is a great
                    mind wasted. he is immersed in mills &amp; wheels &amp; the
                    dirty work of a manufactory. I grew intimate enough to
                    philosophize with him &amp; attack all his machinery with a
                    moral battery which neither he nor Adam Smith,<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">Adam Smith (1723-1790;
                            <title>DNB</title>), author of the <title>Wealth of
                            Nations</title> (1776).</note> nor the whole race of
                    commercialists could withstand. A man of more varied
                    learning, more winning manners, more alive intellect I have
                    rarely seen. Eyes all fire &amp; a sunshine of genius
                    breaking thro a great beard &amp; under a little black
                    worsted cap. Such society was manna in the wilderness.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Waterhouse &amp; I left our party there &amp;
                    proceeded to Abrantes. the passage of the Zezere was the
                    only circumstance interesting on the way. it is a fine river
                    – like all mountain streams of irregular &amp; untameable
                    force. in summer it is fordable. in winter the ferry price
                    varies according to the resistance of the current from one
                    vintem to nine. it then enters the Tagus with equal waters –
                    sometimes with a larger body – for as the rains have fallen
                    heavier North or East, the one river with its rush almost
                    stagnates the other. We crost it in its tamest part; hills
                    of our Clifton height were its banks covered with cistus
                    &amp; heath &amp; the fragrant plants of this country, the
                    water beautifully clear, flowing over sand. A little below
                    its junction we all embarked – at Barquinha, &amp; returned
                    down the Tagus thro flat &amp; objectless shores. </p>
<p rend="indent1"> I would speak of Batalha if I were certain
                    you had not seen it, &amp; of Alcobaca<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">Medieval monasteries with
                        important libraries.</note> also. Coimbra<note n="14" place="foot" resp="editors">Medieval capital of Portugal
                        and site of the University of Coimbra, founded in
                        1290.</note> delighted us. I never saw a City so nobly
                    situated – nor a view so altogether glorious as we witnessed
                    when approaching it. We had been well wetted the preceeding
                    day from Pombal to Condeixa. the Sun of course was welcome –
                    it shone upon one snowy summit of the Estrella – the
                    farthest object visible – &amp; down the southern boundary
                    of mountains clouds were floating so beamy white – that they
                    seemed like light condensed to a visible shape &amp;
                    substance. the city itself with its fine convents shining on
                    an eminence over the Mondego, now in the fullness of its
                    waters – Our letters there procured us much attention &amp;
                    we saw every thing. for the students – I never elsewhere saw
                    such a mob of impudent blackguards</p>
<p rend="indent1"> There is an actual scarcity in the country.
                    the prices of provision differ little in the country from
                    the dearness of Lisbon. The Mail Coach has spoilt the
                    Estalagems – you will laugh &amp; question the possibility
                    of any alteration for the worst thus however it is. they now
                    expect you to call for Port Wine of most poisonous
                    abomination – &amp; butter your toast with uneatable butter.
                    the women also have learnt the true London alehouse manners.
                    Of their charges you may judge by this – from Leiria to
                    Coimbra we were four persons. on that road going &amp;
                    returning our nightly charges always ran from 3//000 to
                    3//600. at Leiria our number was exactly doubled – &amp; all
                    the rest of the way the expences of the doubled party never
                    exceeded 2//500. – At the Fabric<note n="15" place="foot" resp="editors">A large glass and crystal factory at
                        Marinha Grande.</note> we slept two nights. W<hi rend="sup">m</hi> Stephens<note n="16" place="foot" resp="editors">William Stephens (d. 1802), owner of the
                        Fabric.</note> was not there. you never saw a man so
                    broken down. his memory is gone. to speak upon any subject
                    is a trouble &amp; he is obliged to pause &amp; pause &amp;
                    labour for recollection. – </p>
<p rend="indent1"> If circumstances do not expel us earlier than
                    we expect, I hope to go thro Algarve – take the chain of
                    forts along the Guadiana &amp; return by Evora &amp; Beja.
                    the alarm is now general.<note n="17" place="foot" resp="editors">Spain had declared war on Portugal on 27
                        February 1801 and a Spanish invasion was widely
                        expected.</note> my <ref target="people.html#HillHerbertUncle">Uncle</ref> is
                    packing his books – &amp; I am going to the same work. in
                    May I shall be in England. not very willingly – this climate
                    so completely suits me that I dread the rains &amp; frosts
                    &amp; snows, &amp; fogs of England – I am afraid I shall
                    pine away like a myrtle at a London parlour window. <ref target="people.html#FrickerEdith">Ediths</ref>
                    remembrance. God bless you.</p>
<closer>
<signed rend="indent1"> R Southey.</signed>
</closer>
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