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<title type="main">The Collected Letters of Robert Southey. Part 2: 1798-1803 </title>
<title type="subordinate">A Romantic Circles Electronic Edition</title>
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<name>Southey, Robert, 1774-1843</name>
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<idno type="nines">rce855</idno>
<idno type="edition">letterEEd.26.846</idno>
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<p>.  Previously 
                        published: John Wood Warter (ed.), Selections
                            from the Letters of Robert Southey, 4 vols
                        (London, 1856), I, pp. 242-244.</p>
<p>These letters were edited with the assistance of Carol Bolton, Tim Fulford and Ian Packer</p>
<p>For permission to publish the text of MSS in their possession, the editor wishes to thank the Beinecke Rare
											Books and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Berg Collection of English and American Literature, The New
											York Public Library, Astor, Lenox and Tilden Foundations; the Bodleian Library Oxford University; the
											British Library; Boston Public Library; the Syndics of Cambridge University Library; the Syndics of the
											Fitzwilliam Museum Cambridge; Haverford College, Connecticut; the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; the
											Hornby Library, Liverpool Libraries and Information Services; the Houghton Library, Harvard University;
											the John Rylands Library, Manchester; the Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas; Luton
											Museum (Bedfordshire County Council); Massachusetts Historical Society; McGill University Library; the
											National Library of Scotland; the Newberry Library, Chicago; the New York Public Library (Pforzheimer
											Collections); the Pierpont Morgan Library, New York; the Public Record Offices of Bedford, Suffolk (Bury
											St Edmunds) and Northumberland, the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge; the Society of
											Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne; the Trustees of the William Salt Library, Stafford, the Wisbech and
											Fenland Museum; the University of Virginia Library.</p>
<p>A research grant from the British Academy made much of the archival work possible, as did support from the
											English Department of Nottingham Trent University.</p>
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<div n="846" type="letter">
<head>846. Robert Southey to <ref target="people.html#WynnCharlesWW">Charles Watkin
                        Williams Wynn</ref>, <date when="1803-10-28">28 October
                        1803</date>
<note place="foot" resp="editors" type="headnote">Address: To/ C W Williams Wynn Esq<hi rend="sup">r</hi>. M.P./ Wynnstay/
                        Wrexham<lb/>Stamped: KESWICK/ 298<lb/>Endorsement: 20
                        Oct &lt;28<hi rend="sup">th</hi> &gt; 1803 <lb/>MS:
                        National Library of Wales, MS 4811D<lb/>Previously
                        published: John Wood Warter (ed.), <title>Selections
                            from the Letters of Robert Southey</title>, 4 vols
                        (London, 1856), I, pp. 242-244.</note>
</head>
<opener>
<salute>Dear Wynn</salute>
</opener>
<p rend="indent1"> If a Lieutenant Colonel who has all the
                    volunteers of two huge countries command,<note n="1" place="foot" resp="editors">Wynn was in command of the
                        Montgomeryshire Volunteers.</note> can find leisure for
                    those researches which entitle him to the degree of
                        F.A.S.<note n="2" place="foot" resp="editors">Possibly a
                        jokey tribute to Wynn’s contributions to Southey’s
                        researches on antique Welsh customs and history;
                        rearranging the FSA of Fellow of the Society of
                        Antiquaries.</note> he may help out a poem<note n="3" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Madoc</title>
                        (1805).</note> which certainly ought to entitle me to
                    the Poet Laureatship of the Principality.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> What was the dress of the Welsh? I have given
                        Ririd<note n="4" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Madoc</title> (1805), Part 1, Book 12, lines
                        116-122.</note> at a venture a shirt of fine linen – a
                    tunic – an embroidered girdle – a mantle bordered with fur –
                    &amp; a fur cap – &amp; he looks very well in it. Supposing
                    that they had assimilated to Saxon decency I would have
                    given him breeches, but neither breeches, small clothes,
                    indescribables, pantaloons, nor galligaskins could be put in
                    in English &lt;verse&gt;. Stockings may have been in use
                    then, but could not when the King has a Pedifer to chaf his
                    feet as he sate at table.<note n="5" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Madoc</title> (1805), Part 1, Book
                        2, lines 95-96 and Note.</note>
</p>
<p rend="indent1"> I am going to carry Madoc to Bardsey.<note n="6" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Madoc</title>
                        (1805), Part 1, Book 13.</note> if you have Powell<note n="7" place="foot" resp="editors">David Powell
                        (1549/1552-1598; <title>DNB</title>), <title>The
                            Historie of Cambria, Now Called Wales</title>
                        (1584).</note> or Warrington<note n="8" place="foot" resp="editors">William Warrington (1735-1827),
                            <title>The History of Wales</title> (1788), no. 2981
                        in the sale catalogue of Southey’s library.</note> at
                    hand do tell me which of the old Kings were buried there.
                    Owen Gwynedh<note n="9" place="foot" resp="editors">Owen
                        Gwynedd (1100-1170, Prince of Gwynedd 1137-1170;
                            <title>DNB</title>). The father of Madoc, in
                        legend.</note> &amp; his father Gryffedh<note n="10" place="foot" resp="editors">Gruffudd ap Cynan
                        (1054/5-1137, Prince of Gwynedd 1081-1137;
                            <title>DNB</title>).</note> were buried at Bangor. I
                    could make a swelling &amp; sonorous passage about the old
                    gentlemen &amp; their worthinesses – if I knew them. The
                    extract which I made at <ref target="places.html#Wynnstay">Wynnstay</ref> from the Royal Tribes<note n="11" place="foot" resp="editors">Philip Yorke (1743-1804;
                            <title>DNB</title>), <title>The Royal Tribes of
                            Wales</title> (1799). Southey eventually acquired an
                        edition, no. 3133 in the sale catalogue of his
                        library.</note> &amp; the Gwydir History<note n="12" place="foot" resp="editors">Sir John Wynn (1553-1627;
                            <title>DNB</title>), <title>The History of the
                            Gwedir Family</title> (1770). Southey eventually
                        acquired an edition of 1827, no. 3133 in the sale
                        catalogue of his library.</note> are become very useful.
                    twas unfortunate that we did not visit Bardsey – I feel it
                    now. this Welsh part of the poem<note n="13" place="foot" resp="editors">Southey goes on to describe some of the
                        main events in <title>Madoc</title> (1805), Part 1,
                        Books 10-15.</note> will be very Odyssey-like. I am
                    weaving into it all the collectable circumstances of the
                    time &amp; manners of the peoples in this order. Journey to
                    Mathrafal – the Hirlas Horn – the Grave of Jorwerth at
                    Pennant Melangel the Meeting of the Bards. Dinevor &amp; the
                    Embassy of Gwgan of Caer Einion from the Royal Tribes.<note n="14" place="foot" resp="editors">Philip Yorke,
                            <title>The Royal Tribes of Wales</title> (Wrexham,
                        1799), p. 55.</note> thus far is done. then come Bardsey
                    &amp; Llewelyn. the child of Hoel. the Excommunication of
                    Owen Cyveilioc<note n="15" place="foot" resp="editors">Owain
                        Cyfeiliog (c. 1125-1197, Prince of Powys 1160-1195;
                            <title>DNB</title>).</note> at Bangor for not
                    crusading – &amp; the Priest detected by Madoc in digging a
                    hole from his fathers grave thro into the church yard to
                    eject his body, he having died under the censure of the
                    church (from Giraldus<note n="16" place="foot" resp="editors">Giraldus Cambrensis (c. 1146- c. 1223;
                            <title>DNB</title>), <title>Itinerarium
                            Cambriae</title> (1191).</note> &amp; your friend
                        M<hi rend="sup">r</hi> Yorke.<note n="17" place="foot" resp="editors">Philip Yorke, <title>The Royal Tribes of
                            Wales</title> (Wrexham, 1799), pp. 4-5.</note>) this
                    will tell well &amp; Madoc shall carry over the bones of
                    Owen to America. I shall then try my strength with
                        Camoens<note n="18" place="foot" resp="editors">Luis Vaz
                        de Camoes (1524-1580), <title>Os Lusiadas</title>
                        (1572)</note> &amp; Valerius Flaccus<note n="19" place="foot" resp="editors">Gaius Valerius Flaccus (d.
                        c. AD 90), <title>Argonautica</title>.</note> (who was a
                    man of far more genius) – in the embarkation scene. I can
                    find a place for only one picture – &amp; that will be taken
                    from the Llanberris scenery – about the village – not the
                    Lake. Dinevor is such mere English scenery that I have but
                    hinted at it to contrast it with glens &amp; mountains. but
                    the Towey had beavers in the days of Giraldus<note n="20" place="foot" resp="editors">Giraldus Cambrensis,
                            <title>Itinerarium Cambriae</title> (1191).</note>
                    &amp; I have shown Madoc one poor hermit one to put him in
                    mind of his own countrymen.<note n="21" place="foot" resp="editors">
<title>Madoc</title> (1805), Part 1, Book
                        12, lines 35-43.</note> I wish your brother<note n="22" place="foot" resp="editors">Sir Watkin Williams Wynn
                        (1772-1840).</note> would colonize the Dee with some of
                    these old Welshmen. there is something to me very affecting
                    in the extirpation of so interesting an animal.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> Hei mihi<note n="23" place="foot" resp="editors">The Latin translates as ‘Oh dear’.</note>
                    that I have written no song! whether it be that Madoc has
                    monopolized my whole stock of ideas – or that my gift is in
                    singing songs not writing them – My feelings when I have
                    been trying are either the contempt that would make “vile
                    ballads” <del rend="strikethrough">about</del> of mockery,
                    or a forefeeling of triumph ready to break out into
                    prophetic hymns of victory. I begin to fear they will not
                    attempt invasion.</p>
<p rend="indent1"> This war with Portugal<note n="24" place="foot" resp="editors">Britain and Portugal did not
                        go to war and Portugal retained a precarious neutrality
                        until 1807.</note> affects me in both senses of the
                    word. of course it will drive <ref target="people.html#HillHerbertUncle">my Uncle</ref> to
                    England &amp; so somewhat influence my choice of an abiding
                    place. it cuts off all supply of books reducing me to feed
                    upon the charity of great new libraries – for I have no
                    resource but in Lord Bute<note n="25" place="foot" resp="editors">John Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute
                        (1744-1814; <title>DNB</title>), Ambassador to Spain
                        1795-1796 and a collector of books on Spain and
                        Portugal.</note> – &amp; it ruins the pleasantest hope I
                    entertained – that of speedily crossing over to the land I
                    love. God-a-mercy that a fellow<note n="26" place="foot" resp="editors">Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821, First
                        Consul 1799-1804, Emperor of the French
                        1804-1814).</note> whelped in Corsica &amp; living in
                    France should interfere with the studies of a poor historian
                    by the side of Lake Derwentwater!</p>
<p rend="indent1"> God bless you. I am well &amp; active both in
                    body &amp; mind – but hæret lateri!<note n="27" place="foot" resp="editors">Publius Vergilius Maro (70-19 BC),
                            <title>Aeneid</title>, Book 4, line 73: ‘[it] clings
                        to my side’, in the sense of an arrow in a deer.</note>
                    yet I am the better for it – it seems to have connected me
                    with the other world – given me new relations to it &amp;
                    loosened my roots here.</p>
<closer>
<signed rend="indent1"> RS.</signed>
<lb/>
<date when="1803-10-28">Friday night. 28 Oct. 1803.</date>
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