Current Bibliography, 1998

Compiled by

Jonathan Gross

DePaul University

Headnote to the letterpress bibliography:

This bibliography covers articles, reviews, and book-length studies of Byron, Hazlitt, Hunt, Percy and Mary Shelley, John Keats, and their circle from January 1998 through December 1998. Special thanks to Barb Natividad for research assistance and to Michelle Nichols for proofreading and indexing. Rozlyn Gray and Treneka Flemister assisted with a number of queries. This bibliography was made possible by a grant from the University Research Council at DePaul University. I would like to express my gratitude for their generous support.

Through 1999 this bibliography was compiled by Jonathan David Gross. Beginning in 2000, inquiries, corrections, and suggested entries should be sent to the new Bibliographer, Kyle Grimes, Universitiy of Alabama, Birmingham, kgrimes@uab.edu.

Headnote to the online version:

This version of the 1998 "Current Bibliography" from the Keats-Shelley Journal is essentially a hypertext update to the letterpress bibliography compiled by Jonathan Gross. Adopting the practice of the 1999 bibliography, the reviews have been placed in a separate file, and individual web pages have been written for monographs and edited collections to facilitate the process of locating reviews and to allow space for additional commentary or other bibliographical information.. For an explanation of the organization of the Bibliography, see the Introductory Essay to the 1999 edition. All annotations here are by Jonathan Gross unless otherwise noted.

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General

Current Bibliographies

Breen, Jennifer. "Women Poets of the Romantic Period." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 181-91.

Bugajski, Ken A. "Joanna Baillie: An Annotated Bibliography." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005817ar.html>.

Dawson, P. M. S. "John Clare." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 167-80.

Donovan, J. P. "Thomas Love Peacock." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 269-83.

Fuller, David. "William Blake." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 27-44.

Garside, Peter. "Romantic Gothic." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 315-40.

Matthews, Susan. "Fiction of the Romantic Period (Godwin, Wollstonecraft, Bage, Edgeworth, Burney, Inchbald, Hays, and Others)." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 298-314.

Morrison, Robert. "Essayists of the Romantic Period (De Quincey, Hazlitt, Hunt, and Lamb)." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 341-63.

O'Neill, Michael. "General Studies of the Romantic Period." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 1-26.

O'Neill, Michael, ed. Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998.

"A critical guide to the best and the typical in scholarship and criticism devoted to literature of the Romantic period." This work aims at an undergraduate reader but discusses internecine warfare among Romantic scholars in unattractive detail, especially in O'Neill's introduction. Important gaps are evident in this bibliography, such as historically-informed studies that do not touch upon primary works. The reliability of introductory chapters varies. This volume will not replace Jordan's more descriptive and less evaluative MLA bibliography (1988).

Chapters on "General Studies of the Romantic Period," by Michael O'Neill; "William Blake," by David Fuller; "William Wordsworth," by Nicholas Roe; "Samuel Taylor Coleridge," by Nicola Trott; "Lord Byron," by Andrew Nicholson; "Percy Bysshe Shelley," by Jerrold E. Hogle; and "John Keats," by Greg Kucich. Bibliographies on John Clare; women poets; Burns; Cowper; Crabbe; Southey; Walter Scott; Jane Austen; Thomas Love Peacock; Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley; fictional writers, including Burney, Inchbald, Hazlitt, Lamb, and Hunt; as well as political prose writers.

Robertson, Fiona. "Walter Scott." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 221-45.

Roe, Nicholas. "William Wordsworth." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 45-64.

Rossington, Michael. "Poetry by Burns, Cowper, Crabbe, Southey, and Other Male Authors." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 192-220.

Stafford, Fiona. "Jane Austen." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 246-68.

Trott, Nicola. "Samuel Taylor Coleridge." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 65-89.

Whale, John. "Political Prose of the Romantic Period." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill (Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998), 364-79.

Anthologies, Books, and Articles Relating to English Romanticism

Alexander, Robert, Adam Carter, Kevin D. Hutchings, and Nevile F. Newman. "Alterity in the Discourse of Romanticism." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 149-60.

Allen, Emily. "Staging Identity: Frances Burney's Allegory of Genre." Eighteenth-Century Studies 31.4 (Summer 1998): 433-52.

Alliston, April. "Of Haunted Highlands: Mapping a Geography of Gender in the Margins of Europe." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 55-78.

Alliston argues that "romantic national typecasting went alongside and in fact entailed the development of specific gender stereotypes that are still being invoked in the name of the nation" (5). Scotland "turns out to be a 'state' of exile from national identity that is also contained within national boundaries, and secures them" (5). She asks why novels by "women in three different countries all make Scotland the scene where a properly virtuous feminine character is staged as a spectacle of imprisonment, exile, and death" in Sophie von La Roche's Geschichte des Frauleins von Sternheim, Sophia Lee's The Recess, and Germaine de Staël's Corinne.

Anderson, John M. "Mary Tighe, Psyche." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 199-203.

Argento, Dominick. Dominick Argento. London: Collins Classics, 1998. Sound recording. Includes musical settings for poems by Keats.

Ashfield, Andrew. Romantic Women Poets, 1788-1848. Vol. 2. Manchester: Manchester UP; New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

Ashton, Rosemary. "England and Germany." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 495-504.

Bacon, Alan. The Nineteenth Century History of English Studies. London: Ashgate, 1998.

Examines the influence of F. R. Leavis and his opponents; discusses the history of criticism, the history of language, and the status of English as a fully fledged academic discipline.

Barrell, John. "Sad Stories: Louis XVI, George III, and the Language of Sentiment." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 75-98.

Discusses "the language of sentiment in political discussions in the mid-1790s," focusing on Louis XVI's last interview with his family on the evening of January 20, 1793, the day before his execution. "The particular anxieties surrounding the person of the King from 1788 to the mid-1790s need to be understood as an effect of the institution of monarchy having become so heavily invested in the language of sentiment" (97).

Batten, Guinn. The Orphaned Imagination: Melancholy and Commodity Culture in English Romanticism. Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998.

An introduction on romantic melancholy and commodity culture, with chapters on "Byron's In-Between Art of Ennui: 'The World is Full of Orphans'" (21-71) and "Shelley's Absent Fathers: 'The Awful Shadow of Some Unseen Power'" (119-48). Other chapters discuss Blake's The Four Zoas and Wordsworth's 1805 Prelude. Batten explores the fact that Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, and Keats lost at least one parent early in life and both before becoming adults. "Byron, like his self-styled Cain, digressively and obsessively returned as a poet to the scene of his parents' fall into mortality, to ruined estates and squandered legacies for whose loss Byron and Cain blame their antecedents, but especially their Father" (27). "Whether Shelley pursued an ideal other in a father figure or an ideal Other in some version of idealism," Batten argues in her reading of Alastor, "he consistently found that such pursuits left him, literally and palpably, with 'nothing'" (133). Batten discusses Byron's Childe Harold's Pilgrimage, photocopies of manuscripts of Don Juan, Cain, and his letters, as well as Shelley's Alastor, "Mont Blanc," "Eyes: A Fragment," and "Hymn to Intellectual Beauty," among other works.

Discusses ideology and its "logic of exchange" by considering Julia Kristeva's Powers of Horror, Black Sun, Tales of Love, and Revolution in Poetic Language; Judith Butler's Gender Trouble; and Slavoj Zizek's The Metases of Enjoyment.

Close readings of Byron's Childe Harold (34-36), Don Juan (45-71), and Cain (37-45), as well as Hours of Idleness (50) and The Prisoner of Chillon (36); readings of Alastor (133-40), "Hymn to Intellectual Beauty" (119-24), and "Mont Blanc" (141-48); general discussion (119-30) of Prometheus Unbound (120,131) and The Triumph of Life (120); discusses Keats' "The Eve of St. Agnes" (220-36), letters (234-35), "Ode to a Nightingale" (216-36), "To Autumn" (234), and "When I Have Fears That I May Cease to Be" (235).

Beer, John. "Lamb, Coleridge, and the Electronic Revolution." CLB 101 (Jan. 1998): 18-29.

Beer, John. Providence and Love: Studies in Wordsworth, Channing, Myers, George Eliot, and Ruskin. New York: Oxford UP, 1998.

Beer, John. "Remapping the Roads to Xanadu and Highgate: Another Look at Coleridge's Reading." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 201-22.

Behrendt, Stephen C. "Remapping the Landscape: The Romantic Literary Community Revisited." In Comparative Romanticisms: Power, Gender, Subjectivity, ed. Larry H. Peer and Diane Long Hoeveler (South Carolina: Camden House, 1998), 11-32.

Behrendt, Stephen C. "The Romantic Reader." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 91-100.

Bell, Leonard. "'Beyond the Stretch of Labouring Thought Sublime': Romanticism, Post-Colonial Theory, and the Transmission of Sanskrit Texts." In Orientalism Transposed: The Impact of the Colonies on British Culture, ed. Julie F. Codell and Dianne Sachko Macleod (Hangs, Eng.; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998), 117-39.

Bending, Stephen. "A Natural Revolution? Garden Politics in Eighteenth-Century England." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 241-66.

Discusses "linguistic infighting" surrounding Kew gardens (266); the "democracy of aesthetic space" in light of Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield and The Deserted Village; and Richard Graves' anti-Methodist satire, The Spiritual Quixote (1773).

Bewell, Alan. "'Cholera Cured Before Hand': Coleridge, Abjection and the 'Dirty Business of Laudanum.'" Romanticism 4.2 (1998): 155-73.

Bialostosky, Don. "Genres from Life in Wordsworth's Art: Lyrical Ballads 1798." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 109-21.

Biele, Joelle. "'Revise, Revise': Elizabeth Bishop's Writing Process." Ph.D. diss., U of Maryland College Park, 1998, DAI, 59-06A (1998): 2019.

Explores the development of Bishop's free-verse form and argues that her writing process went through stages "that reflect her modernist-romantic aesthetics." Bishop's style observes the arc of the romantic poem--observation, crisis, resolution--as defined by Jerredith Merrin in An Enabling Humility. "Within that arc Bishop utilized techniques of modernist poetics such as shifting verb tenses," thus mixing "modernism's lyrical fracturing and doubts with romanticism's narrative structure and emphasis on imagination. She created a fluid experience of time and space. Her interest lies in the moment, as Keats says, when the sparrow lands on the windowsill." Bishop straddles multiple points in time and space and doing so revises the romantic tradition.

Blain, Virginia. Caroline Bowles Southey, 1786-1854: The Making of a Woman Writer. London: Ashgate, 1998.

At the age of 52, Caroline Bowles Southey married Poet Laureate Robert Southey; she wrote romantic epics, comic burlesque, dramatic social protest, and meditative personal lyrics.

Blythe, Joan. "An Ecology of Green Texts: Turner, Milton, and Romantic Re-Use." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 149-70.

While "Turner responded to some of the same aspects of Milton's works as did other Romantics, he differed from them in the extent and degree to which his life-long Miltonic bond was nature-based" (150). Includes a discussion of De Quincey and Ruskin., while responding to Diane McColley's claim "that Milton is the first comprehensively 'ecological' poet writing in English, and perhaps in any language" (151).

Bowers, Toni. "Queen Anne Makes Provision." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 57-74.

Breunig. Hans Werner. "Some Considerations Concerning the Influence of German Idealism on S. T. Coleridge." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 183-200.

Bromwich, David. "Edmund Burke, Reflections on the Revolution in France." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 113-21.

Brose, Margaret. "The Politics of Mourning in Dei Sepolcri." ERR 9.1 (Winter 1998): 1-34.

Brown, Eric C. "Boyd's Dante, Coleridge's Ancient Mariner, and the Pattern of Infernal Influence." SEL (autumn 1998): 647-69.

Burgess, Miranda J. "Charlotte Smith, The Old Manor House." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 122-30.

Burgess, Miranda J. "Domesticating Gothic: Jane Austen, Ann Radcliffe, and National Romance." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 392-412.

Burgoyne, Daniel A. "The Colloquy of Edgar Allan Poe and Samuel Taylor Coleridge." Ph.D. diss., U of Washington, 1998, DAI, 59-03A (1998): 812.

Burroughs, Catherine B. Closet Stages: Joanna Baillie and the Theater Theory of British Women Writers. Philadelphia: U of Pennsylvania P, 1997.

Burroughs, Catherine B. "Teaching the Theory and Practice of Women's Dramaturgy." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998):
<http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005823ar.html.>

Discusses the syllabus of a course taught at Cornell University in 1996, "Theoretical Approaches to Romantic Theatre and Drama, 1790-1840." Burroughs argues that Sophia Lee, Elizabeth Inchbald, Joanna Baillie, and Mary Russell Mitford raise issues of antitheatricalism, generic experimentation, the cultural significance of the gothic play, and other concerns.

Burwick, Frederick. "The Romantic Drama." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 323-32.

Burwick, Frederick. "Romantic Madness: Hölderlin, Nerval, Clare." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 29-51.

In "Romantic Madness: Hölderlin, Nerval, Clare," Frederick Burwick discusses three poets from different literary traditions whose collapse into mental illness is either prefigured or embedded in their work. Employs a critical frame adopted from Shoshona Feldman, Michel Foucault, and Jacques Derrida. Discusses Hölderlin's "Patmos," Nerval's "Christ on the Mount of Olives," and Clare's "Child Harold."

Burwick, Frederick. "Shakespeare and the Romantics." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 512-19.

Butler, James A. "Travel Writing." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 364-70.

Cafarelli, Annette Wheeler. "Rousseau and British Romanticism: Women and the Legacy of Male Radicalism." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 125-55.

Rousseau's opponents were not conservatives aligned with Burke, but British radicals like Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Hays, and Catherine Macaulay. Conservatives like Hannah More, Clara Reeve, and Sydney Owenson Morgan "were actually more likely to appropriate Rousseau's prescriptions for women in their own work" (7). Explores Mary Shelley's selective reading of Rousseau's Julie after the death of her husband in her essay in The Liberal, "Mme d'Houdetot" (1823) (147).

Cao, Zuoya. The Internal and the External: A Comparison of the Artistic Use of Natural Imagery in English Romantic and Chinese Classic Poetry. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.

This book compares the use of "natural imagery" in English Romantic and Chinese Classic (Tang and Song dynasties) lyrics to challenge Paul De Man's belief, expressed in Blindness and Insight and The Rhetoric of Romanticism, that "the merging of the internal and external can never be reached in poetic language" (Cao 1). Cao favors M. H. Abrams' perspective in "Structure and Style in the Greater Romantic Lyric." "The difference between Romantic and Chinese Tang/Song poets in their use of natural imagery is not that the former is subjective and the latter is objective, for although the Romantics use nature as a theme while the Chinese poets do not, they both employ natural imagery for expressing the inner world" (149). Compares Wang Wei, a major poet of the Tang dynasty influenced by Buddhism, with Wordsworth; contrasts Wei's "Mt. Zhongnan" and "Tintern Abbey" (8). Shows how jing (scene/the external) and qing (feeling/the internal) became a main concern in Chinese classic poetics beginning with the Tang dynasty; discusses the connotation of shenyun and sublime and makes use of Cecile Chu-chin Sun's study of three analogical modes in Chinese and English poetry, which introduces the concept of quin and jing in Chinese poetics. Vincent Yang's comparison of Su Shi and Wordsworth and An-yan Tang Wang's comparison of Du Fu and Yeats are also important for this study (3), which compares Du Fu's Confucian influenced verse ("Autumn Meditation") with Coleridge's "Eolian Harp" and "Frost at Midnight" (14; 17). Discusses Shelley as a romantic theorist and as a poet (118-20). Chapter 2, titled "The Use of Natural Objects" (43-78), is the most relevant to Keats and Shelley. In this chapter, Cao contrasts Su Shi's poem on the willow catkin with Shelley's "Sensitive Plant" ("the poets use personification to describe a plant and express their feelings by describing the fate of the plant" [52]); Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" with Li Bai's "A Song of White Clouds" ("a rare example of a poem focusing on the image of the cloud in Chinese poetry, the cloud is used to show the poet's feeling upon leaving a friend" [61]); Shelley's "The Cloud" with Li Bai's famous "Drinking Alone by Moonlight," which treats the moon as a fellow human, inviting the moon to drink with him (58); and Shelley's "To a Skylark" with Li Bai's "Peng" ("Unlike Shelley's skylark, which is a disembodied spirit, Li Bai's Peng is presented as a motor, kinesthetic image conveying 'tactile and muscular impressions,' though the Peng is not a real bird but exists only in the poet's imagination" [69]). Similar comparisons are made with Du Fu's "Lone Wild Goose" (67-69) and Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" (68). This book does not include an index.

Chandler, David. "'The Conflict': Hannah Brand and Theatre Politics in the 1790s." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005819ar.html>.

Chandler, David. "Vagrancy Smoked Out: Wordsworth 'betwixt Severn and Wye.'" RoN 11 (Aug. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n11/005811ar.html>.

Chandler, James. England in 1819: The Politics of Literary Culture and the Case of Romantic Historicism. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

This study is divided into two parts: "The Historical Situation of Romanticism" and "Reading England in 1819." Chandler discusses Don Juan, "Ode to the West Wind," Peter Bell, and other works. He concludes that 1819 was a "watershed year of literary, political and historical self-consciousness in England."

Chaney, Eve Christine. "'The Aesthetic of Lived Life' From Wollstonecraft to Mill." Ph.D. diss., U of Washington, 1998, DAI, 59-06A (1998): 2033.

Childers, Joseph W. "Recent Studies in the Nineteenth Century." SEL 38:4 (autumn 1998): 761-825.

This essay considers editions and letters; biographies and works about a single author; the Romantics; the Victorians; the Romantic period: literary and cultural studies; the Victorian period: gender studies; literary and cultural studies; nineteenth-century art and architecture; and colonialism and post-colonialism. Discusses works ranging as far back as 1996. A number of important works are necessarily omitted.

Claussen, David Ryan. "Recognizing Longinus." Ph.D. diss., State U of New York at Buffalo, 1998, DAI, 59-01A (1998): 180.

Clubbe, John. "Schom's Napoleon: Review Essay." Napoleonic Scholarship: The Journal of the International Napoleonic Society 1, 2 (1999): 96-105.

This review faults Schom for failing to provide a "balanced biography" and reveling "in Napoleonic failure." Schom's biography of Napoleon "may be the most hostile book ever written on the French Emperor" (96).

Cochran, Peter. "Francis Cohen, Don Juan, and Casti." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 120-24.

Codell, Julie F., and Dianne Sachko Macleod. "Orientalism Transposed: The 'Easternization' of Britain and Interventions to Colonial Discourse." In Orientalism Transposed: The Impact of the Colonies on British Culture, ed. Julie F. Codell and Dianne Sachko Macleod (Hangs, Eng.; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998), 1-10.

Codell and Macleod consider Joanne Waghorne's assertion, in The Raja's Magic Clothes, that England and India shared common cultural ground in royal ceremonies, "represented by the Indian ceremony of durbar which the English appropriated": influences during the Raj went in both directions (1). Their essay considers the issue of the "Easternization" of Britain at two levels. "The first concerns the ways that colonized people intervened in the hegemonic colonial or Orientalist discourse and negotiated, revised, subverted and reinvented it to serve their own cultural expressions, political resistance and self-representations, while the second charts the manner in which British aesthetic concepts were altered by the colonial experience" (1). Orientalist discourse was often subverted and turned on its head, hence the title of this collection, "Orientalism Transposed." The writers take issue with Said's Orientalism to show, with Homi Babha, that colonized people practised "discursive modes of resistance" (2).

Codell, Julie F., and Dianne Sachko Macleod, eds. Orientalism Transposed: The Impact of the Colonies on British Culture. Hangs, Eng.; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998.

Essays by Julie F. Codell and Dianne Sachko Macleod, Julie F. Codell, Emily M. Weeks, Dianne Sachko Macleod, Romita Ray, Leonard Bell, Kathryn S. Freeman, Jeff Rosen, Barbara Groseclose, and Constance C. McPhee. Bell's essay is on Romanticism, post-colonial theory, and the transmission of Sanskrit texts; Codell's essay discusses Sir David Wilkie's portrait of Mehemet Ali, Pasha of Egypt.

The Compleat Silver Lining: 26 Distinguished Actors Read 41 of Their Favorite Poems. Audiocassette. BMP, Ltd., 1998.

Includes readings of Keats's "To Autumn" (Simon Ward), "A Thing of Beauty" (James Earl Jones), and "Sonnet to Sleep" (Patrick Stewart); Byron's "She Walks in Beauty" (David Warner); and Shelley's "Ozymandias" (John Standing) and "Indian Serenade" (David Warner).

Cowlishaw, Brian Thomas. "A Genealogy of Eccentricity." Ph.D. diss., U of Oklahoma, 1998, DAI, 59-04A (1998): 1174.

Cox, Jeffrey N. "Ideology and Genre in the British Antirevolutionary Drama in the 1790s." In British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays, ed. Terence Allan Hoagwood and Daniel P. Watkins (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998), 84-114.

This essay discusses antirevolutionary drama, which shaped "Romantic culture as well as the future development of the English drama and theater" (17), in order to illuminate the political and literary situation of the 1790s. Cox examines The Rovers (rumored to have been written by Pitt), The Fall of the French Monarchy, Maid of Normandy, and Democratic Rage in the context of the political struggles of the 1790s: "the conservative culture . . . found its strongest voice in melodrama" (17).

Cox, Jeffrey N. Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School: Keats, Shelley, Hunt, and Their Circle. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Crochunis, Tom, ed. "British Women Playwrights around 1800: A Special Issue of Romanticism on the Net." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www-sul.stanford.edu/mirrors/romnet/>.

Crochunis, Tom. "The Function of the Dramatic Closet at the Present Time." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www-sul.stanford.edu/mirrors/romnet/>.

Questions whether "closet drama" is not "at the center, rather than the margins, of British dramaturgical and scholarly history."

Cronin, Richard, ed. 1798: The Year of the Lyrical Ballads. New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

This volume attempts to "recreate the literary culture of 1798" which produced a volume of poems entitled Lyrical Ballads, the importance of which was not immediately apparent (1). Includes essays by Clifford Siskin, who discusses "blaming the System" as a historically-specific event; Nicola Trott, who writes on Mary Wollstonecraft at the turn of the century; Dorothy McMillan on Joanna Baillie; Marilyn Gaull on "Malthus on the Road to Excess"; Richard Cronin on Gebir; Alice Jenkins on Humphry Davy; Peter Jimack on "England and France in 1798"; Stephen Prickett on "Coleridge, Schlegel and Schleiermacher"; Nicholas Roe on medical science, politics, and poetry in Thelwall, Coleridge, and Wordsworth; Jean Stabler on Lyrical Ballads and literary satire; and James A. W. Heffernan on "Wordsworth's 'Leveling' Muse in 1798."

Dart, Gregory. Rousseau, Robespierre, and English Romanticism. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Davies, Damian Walford. "Thomas De Quincey, Confessions of an English Opium-Eater." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 269-76.

Davies, Paul. Romanticism and Esoteric Tradition: Studies in Imagination. Hudson, N.Y.: Lindisfarne Books, 1998.

Makes use of sources in Buddhism, Sufism, Neoplatonism, Anthroposophy, and other traditions to illuminate romantic poems in eight essays. Owen Barfield, Gaston Bachelard, Henry Corbin, and Kathleen Raine influence this book's effort to develop a "spiritual hermeneutics."

Davis, Tracy C. "The Sociable Playwright and Representative Citizen." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005818ar.html>.

De Montluzin, Emily Lorraine. "Killing the Cockneys: Blackwood's Weapons of Choice against Hunt, Hazlitt, and Keats." KSJ 47 (1998): 87-107.

Decker, Catherine. "Crossing Old Barriers: The WorldWideWeb, Academia, and the Romantic Novel." RoN 10 (May 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n10/005794ar.html>.

Deguchi, Yasuo, ed. The Examiner, 1818-1822. 5 vols. London: Pickering & Chatto, 1998.

Donovan, John. "Rosalind and Helen: Pastoral, Exile, Memory." Romanticism 4.2 (1998): 241-73.

Duff, David. "From Revolution to Romanticism: The Historical Context to 1800." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 23-34.

Earl, E. M. Byron and Southey, Vision of Judgement. Salzburg, Aus.; Portland, Oreg.: U of Salzburg, 1998.

Emilsson, Wilhelm. "Epicurean Aestheticism: De Quincey, Pater, Wilde, Stoppard." Ph.D. diss., U of British Columbia, 1998, DAI, 59-05A (1998): 1581.

Engell, James. "Coleridge, Johnson, and Shakespeare: A Critical Drama in Five Acts." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 22-39.

Engell, James. "Romantische Poesie: Richard Hurd and Friedrich Schlegel." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 13-27.

The first "systematic discussion of the connection between Hurd's writings and Schlegel's theory of 'romantische Poesie' and the instrumental relationship 'between English critical writing and the birth of German romanticism.'" Engell compares Hurd's Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762) and "On the Idea of Universal Poetry" (1765) with Schlegel's influential "Athenaum Fragment No. 116" and passages in Gesprach uber die Poesie (1800). He demonstrates that to understand German Romanticism and Friedrich Schlegel, one must consider not only Herder, Goethe, and Schiller, but also Hurd and eighteenth-century British critics. (4)

Enzell, Margaret J. M. "Revisioning Responding: A Second Look at Women Playwrights around 1800." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005821ar.html>.

Esterhammer, Angela. "Performative Language and Speech-act Theory." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 452-59.

Evans, David Andrew. "Poets and Warriors: Constructions of Heroism in Southey, Wordsworth, and Coleridge, 1789-1815." Ph.D. diss., Ohio State U, 1998, DAI, 59-01A (1998): 181.

Evans focuses on heroism as defined by British martial figures that emerged from the British wars with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France. Evans shows how "non-Byronic conceptions of heroism were vital to contemporary political discourse." Issues related to the domestic sphere influenced contemporary conceptions of heroism to a greater degree than previously realized. Like Burke, Southey, Wordsworth, and Coleridge viewed the nation as an extension of the family: "their changing political views were consistently informed by and reflective of the high value they placed on stable households." Evans discusses the intersection of poet, hero, home, and nation-state to broaden "current notions of Romantic-era heroism."

Fay, Elizabeth. "The Bluestocking Archive: Constructivism and Salon Theory Revisited." RoN 10 (May 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n10/005795ar.html>.

Fay, Elizabeth. A Feminist Introduction to Romanticism. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.

Fay, Elizabeth. "Romanticism and Feminism." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 397-401.

Feldman, Paula R., and Daniel Robinson, eds. A Century of Sonnets: The Romantic-Era Revival, 1750-1850. New York: Oxford UP, 1998.

Ferguson, Moira. "Fictional Constructions of Liberated Africans: Mary Butt Sherwood." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 148-64.

Ferguson, William. The Identity of the Scottish Nation: An Historic Quest. New York and Edinburgh: Columbia UP and Edinburgh UP, 1998.

This book seeks to explain the variety of views that have "been advanced on the origin and development of Scottish identity" (preface). Fourteen chapters discuss such topics as "Mythopoeia and Superiority" (19-35); the "Chronicling of an Advocate's Brief" (36-55); "Humanism and New Looks at Old History" (56-78); "George Buchanan, Humanist and Historian" (79-97); "The Religious Factor--Old Dogmatisms and New" (98-119); "Towards Enlightenment and a New View of History" (144-72); "The Dawn of Enlightenment" (173-95); "Enlightenment and Darkness Visible" (196-226); "James Macpherson and 'The Invention of Ossian'" (227-49); "Goth. versus Gael" (250-73); and "Per Ardua ad Astra" (274-300). This book is primarily an historical rather than a literary discussion of its subject.

Ferris, Ina. "Writing on the Border: The National Tale, Female Writing, and the Public Sphere." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 86-106.

Discusses Lady Morgan's last Irish national tale, The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys. Morgan's fiction "signs itself as modern precisely because the postmodern erupts within it. And the postmodern typically erupts in her fiction through the encounter of femininity, the public sphere, and the unformed nation" (103).

Finegan, Ann Jennifer. "For a Charging of the Passions: Sex and Metaphysics in English Romantic Poetry (Percy Bysshe Shelley, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Blake, William Wordsworth)." Ph.D. diss., U of New South Wales, 1998, DAI, 59-08A (1998): 2999.

Inspired by Lacan's Encore, this dissertation analyzes the consummation scenes which appear in English Romanticism's "long, metonymical poems of desire--Shelley's Prometheus Unbound, Keats's Endymion, and the Hyperion poems." Coleridge's theological writings are examined against Kant's synthetic imagination "from the point of view of the repression of desire." Artaud's essay on Coleridge uncovers Coleridge's "disavowing tactics which reveal the processes of the unconscious under the screen of a fake occult." Coleridge's unpublished Notebooks show that his unfinished Logosophia "attempted to reconcile logos with desire." Blake and Wordsworth are discussed through Lacan's metaphorics of delusion and Heidegger's aletheia ("through which being deconceals").

Folker, Brian. "Romantic Realist: Wordsworth and the Problem of War." Ph.D. diss., New York U, 1998, DAI, 58-12A (1998): 4664.

Folker uses Kenneth Waltz' notion of structural realism, a theory of international relations, that views "fracture and conflict" as "necessary and permanent features of the human community." Applying Waltz' theory of systemic anarchy to Romantic poetry results in a reading of Wordsworth that emphasizes his concern with "large scale social violence and anxiety over the Napoleonic wars." Previous critics have focused too narrowly upon the poet's "ideational development." The second chapter considers The Recluse as Wordsworth's effort to conceive "of the domestic scene as potentially unbounded and capable of limitless expansion." His third chapter discusses The Prelude and notes tensions between Wordsworth's recognition that the domestic sphere is bounded and his view of family as "potentially unbounded"; the tension between these two views leads Wordsworth to expand the poem to thirteen books in 1804. Chapter four discusses the Convention of Cintra as it relates to Wordsworth's Recluse. Wordsworth turns away from an anarchic dissemination of the means of violence. In his fifth chapter, Folker describes Wordsworth's "return to the domestic scene in The Excursion": "after the failure of attempts to rehabilitate the poet's role, he renounces his claim as the ideational center."

"For Freedom's Battle": Heinrich Heine and England. A Bicentenary Exhibition, 16 January-6 February 1998. London: Christie's, 1998.

Ford, Jennifer. Coleridge on Dreaming: Romanticism, Dreams, and the Medical Imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

This book investigates Coleridge's responses to his dreams and to contemporary debates about the nature of dreaming, a subject of perennial interest to poets, philosophers, and scientists through the Romantic period. Ford makes use of notebooks, letters, and marginalia to analyze the ways in which dreaming processes were construed by Coleridge in his dream readings, and by his contemporaries in a range of poetic and medical works. Very brief index.

Fraistat, Neil, Steven Jones, and Carl Stahmer. "The Canon, the Web, and the Digitization of Romanticism. RoN 10 (May 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n10/005801ar.html>.

Franklin, Caroline. British Romantic Poets. London: Routledge/Thoemmes P, 1998.

Franklin, Caroline. "'Some Samples of the Finest Orientalism': Byronic Philhellenism and Proto-Zionism at the Time of the Congress of Vienna." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, by Tim Fulford and Peter Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 221-42.

Franklin points out that Byron "has proved a trickier writer to fit into the binary model of Said's thesis than government polemicists like . . . Robert Southey" (221). Franklin finds Said's Foucauldian model "too monolithic" in her discussion of The Siege of Corinth (1816) and Hebrew Melodies (1815). These works were published "when Europe's boundaries were being redrawn with the defeat of Napoleon," while The Giaour "coincided with parliament's review of the Charter of the East India Company and debate over whether missionaries should be allowed to preach Christianity in India" (223). Byron's "Oriental" tales "experiment with point of view to confound readerly expectations" (223). Byron's national aspirations for Greece and Israel were in opposition to British foreign policy "which since 1791 had been to prop up the declining Ottoman Empire in order to keep open the route to India, and prevent the ambitions of Napoleonic France, Russia and Austria of extending their influence to the Mediterranean" (228).

Freeman, Kathryn S. "'Beyond the Stretch of Laboring Thought Sublime': Romanticism, Post-Colonial Theory, and the Transmission of Sanskrit Texts." In Orientalism Transposed: The Impact of the Colonies on British Culture, ed. Julie F. Codell and Dianne Sachko Macleod (Hangs, Eng.; Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate, 1998), 140-57.

Freeman notes how William Jones "westernizes Indian philosophy" in ways that reveal "his ambivalence toward both East and West" (148). "His description of the Hindus as more 'rational' than the Christians paradoxically anticipates Macaulay's criticisms. Yet in his Hymns to the Hindu Deities, Jones draws not only from Indian sources, but freely from the legacy of Western literature: Plato, Pindar, the Bible, Milton, Pope, and Gray. Discusses Charles Wilkin's preface to his translation of The Bhagavad Gita, Charlotte Smith's Beachy Head (151), Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, and Jones' "Hymn to Narayana."

Fulford, Tim. "Fields of Liberty? The Politics of Wordsworth's Grasmere." ERR 9.1 (Winter 1998): 59-86.

Fulford, Tim. "Romanticism and Colonialism: Races, Places, Peoples, 1800-1830." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 35-47.

Fulford, Tim, and Peter Kitson. "Romanticism and Colonialism: Texts, Contexts, Issues." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson. (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 1-13.

Fulford, Tim, and Peter Kitson, eds. Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

This collection of essays responds to Jerome J. McGann's The Romantic Ideology and attempts to place poetry in its social and historical context. "Romanticism's relationship with colonialism has been relatively little studied," the authors claim, though Makdisi's Romantic Imperialism in part answers that need.

Furst, Lilian R. "The Salons of Germaine de Staël and Rachel Varnhagen." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 95-103.

"Coppet was the main source for the transmission of German romanticism to the French avant-garde at a time when the development of French romanticism was held in check by censorship and the neoclassical bias associated with 'official' revolutionary culture; Varnhagen's Berlin salon was remarkable for its quiet transgression of social codes through purely social interaction" (6).

Galperin, William. "What Happens When Jane Austen and Frances Burney Enter the Romantic Canon?" In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 376-91.

Gassenmeier. Michael. "The Praised Friend, Quod Est Imitatio et Emulatio Poematis Poetae Docti Thomasii Sternii Elioti Intitulatum Terra Deserta." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 11-22.

Gassenmeier, Michael, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner, eds. British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations: Festschrift for Horst Meller. Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998.

Proceedings from a symposium held at Gerhard-Mercator-Universität Duisburg to celebrate Horst Meller's 60^th birthday and honor his academic achievement. This symposium, which took place in August 1996, was jointly sponsored by the Society for English Romanticism (GER) and the International Byron Society. "Horst Meller has writen about English Literature from Shakespeare via Milton and the Romantics to Classical Modernism. In his writings-beginnings with his dissertation on William Empson-he has also consistently reflected upon questions of literary theory with critical detachment and often with subtle irony" (Preface).

Gilmartin, Kevin. "Radical Print Culture in Periodical Reform." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 39-63.

Gomille, Monika. "Acts of Misreading? Milton, the 'Original Author,' and the Romantics." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner ( Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 137-48.

This essay aims to show "that intertextuality implies not only a dynamic relationship between different texts, but also between texts and contingent horizons of reference." Gombille focuses specifically on "the blending of the Lockean discourse with its concern for origin and first proprietors with the aesthetic discourse of originality during the second half of the eighteenth century" (148).

Goodridge, John. "'Out There in the Night': Rituals of Nurture and Exclusion in Clare's St. Martin's Eve." Romanticism 4.2 (1998): 202-11.

Graver, Bruce, and Ronald Tetreault. "Editing Lyrical Ballads for the Electronic Environment." RoN 9 (Feb. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n9/005783ar.html>.

Guest, Harriet. "'These Neuter Somethings': Gender Difference and Commercial Culture in Mid-Eighteenth-Century England." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 173-94.

Halliwell, Sarah, ed. The Romantics. Austin, Tex.: Raintree Stec-Vaughn, 1998.

Hamlin, Cyrus. Hermeneutics of Form: Romantic Poetics in Theory and Practice. New Haven: Henry R. Schwab, 1998.

This book "consists in a series of essays, all of which were written independently of one another . . . over a twelve-year period from 1971 to 1983," when Hamlin was teaching at the University of Toronto (22). Chapter 5 contains an addendum on Keats and Shelley as "practitioners of the Romantic ode" (24). Hamlin's interest in Hölderlin influences readings of a number of poems. Hamlin discusses Shelley's "Ode to the West Wind" (240-53) in terms of Shelley's use of a Greek chorus and Dantesque rhyme scheme, with echoes of souls as dead leaves from Virgil's Aeneid VI. Hamlin finds the last stanza of the ode crucial for a consideration of the work's hermeneutics of form (250). "The poem itself as achieved form serves as an instrument or vehicle for the voice of the poet, which is no longer merely a human subject or the individual self" (250). Keats's "Ode to a Nightingale" (238-40, 242-46, 253, 254) is also discussed. "No reader of Keats' 'Nightingale' will fail to observe . . . that the structure of the ode is defined by the experience within the poet's mind resulting from his response to the bird's song" (245). Nine chapters on "The Limits of Interpretation"; "The Negativity of Reading"; "The Conscience of Narrative"; "The Poetics of Self-Consciousness"; "Reading the Romantic Ode"; "The Temporality of Selfhood"; "Platonic Dialogue and Romantic Irony"; "Strategies of Reversal in Literary Narrative"; and "The Faults of Vision; a Dialogue in Identity and Poetry." Chapter 5, which contrasts Coleridge's "Dejection: An Ode" with Keats's and Shelley's poetry, concludes by discussing Hegel and the Romantic ode (6).

Handwerk, Gary. "Envisioning India: Friedrich Schlegel's Sanskrit Studies and the Emergence of Romantic Historiograph." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 231-42.

Handwerk, Gary. "History, Trauma, and the Limits of the Liberal Imagination: William Godwin's Historical Fiction." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 64-85.

Handwerk explores whether Godwin's "inability to assimilate the insights of Romantic historicity into his liberal imagination were peculiar to him or to his era, or are instead somehow endemic to liberalism generally" (82). Mandeville (1817) and St. Leon (1799) are discussed as efforts to "confront the Luckacsian paradigm" (81): "they see the moments of historical upheaval that they depict as moments when things may not in fact be changing, not moving forward, perhaps not even moving at all" (81).

Hanley, Keith. "Wordsworth's Revolution in Poetic Language." RoN 9 (Feb. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n9/005790ar.html>.

Haywood, Ian, and Zachary Leader, eds. Romantic Period Writings, 1798-1832: An Anthology. New York: Routledge, 1998.

Hensley, David C. "Richardson, Rousseau, Kant: 'Mystics of Taste and Sentiment' and the Critical Philosophy." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 177-207.

Hensley challenges the "traditional understanding of Clarissa's impact on the formation of German Romanticism." Twentieth-century critics have followed Coleridge's Biographia Literaria, and failed to acknowledge Samuel Richardson's contributions to British and German Romanticism (7). Hensley focuses on Kant's reading of Richardson and Rousseau, which "calls attention to questions of historical mediation that still need to be explored and theorized before Coleridge's claim that Clarissa shaped German Romanticism can be turned into a basis for appropriately wide-ranging and detailed work in literary and cultural history" (7).

Herringman, Noah Isaac. "Romantic Rocks, Aesthetic Geology." Ph.D. diss., Harvard U, 1998, DAI, 59-05A (1998): 1583.

Hewitt, Regina. "Friendly Instruction: Coleridge and the Discipline of Sociology." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 89-102.

Considers The Friend in the light of studies on how fields of learning take shape. "Coleridge's plans for the periodical identify his goal as the creation of a discipline, . . . The Friend may yet fulfill its original aim" (90).

Heydt-Stevenson, Jill. "Liberty, Connection, and Tyranny: The Novels of Jane Austen and the Aesthetic Movement of the Picturesque." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 261-79.

Hilton, Nelson. "William Blake, Songs of Innocence and of Experience." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 103-12.

Hoagwood, Terence Allan. "Romantic Drama and Historical Hermeneutics." In British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays, ed. Terence Allan Hoagwood and Daniel P. Watkins (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998), 22-55.

Hoagwood, Terence Allan, and Daniel P. Watkins, eds. British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays. Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998.

This volume "intentionally gravitates toward discussion of lesser-known works of the period, rather than such major dramas as Manfred or Prometheus Unbound, because the poetic dramas by Byron and Shelley have already been the subject of many useful historicist investigations, and because lesser-known works--for instance, the dramas of Scott, Wordsworth's Borderers, and the many revolutionary and counter-revolutionary dramas of the period--provide avenues into historical and ideological issues that cannot be adequately addressed by exclusive attention to dramas long recognized as canonical" (15). Many of these essays were previously published in Wordsworth Circle (Kucich, Johnston, and Nicholes), though some have been revised (Hoagwood, Ferriss).

Hoeveler, Diane Long."The Female Gothic, Beating Fantasies, and the Civilizing Process." In Comparative Romanticisms: Power, Gender, Subjectivity, ed. Larry H. Peer and Diane Long Hoeveler (South Carolina: Camden House, 1998), 103-32.

Hoeveler, Diane Long. Gothic Feminism: The Professionalization of Gender from Charlotte Smith to the Brontës. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State UP, 1998.

Hoeveler's introduction is titled "Gothic Feminism and the Professionalization of 'Femininity.'" In five chapters, she discusses Charlotte Smith's Emmeline, the Orphan of the Castle; Radcliffe's Early Gothics; Radcliffe's Major Gothics; Jane Austen; "Rosa Matilda" and Mary Shelley; and the Brontës and Romantic feminism.

Hofkosh, Sonia. Sexual Politics and the Romantic Author. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Includes chapters titled "Introduction: Invisible Girls," "A Woman's Profession: Sexual Difference and the Romance of Authorship," "The Writer's Ravishment: Byron's Body Politics," "Classifying Romanticism: The Milliner Girl and the Magazines," "Disfiguring Economies: Mary Shelley's Gift-Book Stories," "The Author's Progress: William Hazlitt's Keswick Escapade and Sarah Hazlitt's Journal," and "Romanticism in the Drawing Room: Austen's Interiority."

Hofkosh's third chapter, "Classifying Romanticism: The Milliner Girl and the Magazines," briefly considers the periodical press lampoon of Leigh Hunt as "King of the Cockneys" (66). "Invisible girls are scripted into romantic tradition in particularly material configurations--as bodies, among objects, like books, in the marketplace--even as they appear to be overlooked or, what may amount to the same thing, looked over" (3). She discusses Byron's letter to Walter Scott describing the circumstances that attended his dedication to Scott of Cain. Both Keats and Byron owed their literary fame to the very Bluestockings they despised and who read them (54). In her chapter on Mary Shelley, "Disfiguring Economies," Hofkosh turns her attention to Mary Shelley's writings for annual gift books. "Between the death of Percy Bysshe in 1822 and the death of Sir Timothy in 1844, Shelley supplements the subsistence income her father-in-law begrudgingly lends her out of her son's future estate by writing short stories, many for such annual gift books as The Keepsake and Heath's Book of Beauty." Hofkosh argues that "these narratives explicate in their various frames Shelley's negotiations between two economies of value--of authority, authorship, self--in which the body, especially the female body, is inseparably implicated. Shelley's stories respond on the one hand to an aristocratic economy of patrilinear inheritance and, on the other hand, she recognizes an economics of the marketplace, what Percy Bysshe called 'the shop interest'" (86) wherein production disfigures the writer.

In her chapter on William Hazlitt's Keswick escapade and Sarah Hazlitt's Journal, Hofkosh discusses Hazlitt's "unwanted advances to a village girl" (104). In his failed effort to seduce a woman in the Lake District, Hazlitt emerges as the proud author of An Essay on the Principle of Human Action (1805), a book he proudly claimed no woman "would ever comprehend the meaning of" (104). Sarah Hazlitt's Journal of My Trip to Scotland is the subject of Hofkosh's concluding remarks. "In the heterosexual economy within which she must inevitably function--whether single, married, or divorced--the woman may never conclude that she is her own except in contesting the very oppositions which define her" (117). Sarah Hazlitt is forced to lie about having no "collusion in the divorce proceedings" (117). The law conspires to make her a liar by making "perjury, like divorce, a practical necessity of her compromised position" (118).

Hogle, Jerrold E. "The Gothic Ghost as Counterfeit and Its Haunting of Romanticism: The Case of 'Frost at Midnight.'" ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 283-92.

Hundert, Edward. "Performing the Passions in Commercial Society: Bernard Mandeville and the Theatricality of Eighteenth-Century Thought." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 141-72.

Izenberg, Gerald. "The Politics of Song in Wordsworth's Lyrical Ballads." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 116-37.

Jackson, H. J. "Coleridge's Lessons in Transition: The 'Logic' of the 'Wildest Odes.'" In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 213-24.

Jacobs, Matthew Eric. "William Wordsworth and the Evolution of Style: A Study of Philosophical Differences in the Poetry of Wordsworth and Keats." Honors thesis, Coe College, 1998.

Jacobus, Mary. "'The Science of Herself': Scenes of Female Enlightenment." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 240-69.

Jacobus' essay explores Austen's Mansfield Park (1814) and the proposed in-house performance of Kotzebue's play The Child of Love, translated by Elizabeth Inchbald as Lovers' Vows (1798), which allows Austen "to depict the invasion of the English country house by foreign forms of intimacy" (243). Jacobus is concerned with how Jacobin women disrupt the domestic sphere "by importing the politics of sexuality into the family, reminding us that what the family excludes is also what makes it a space of confinement for women" (243); she also discusses abject figures in Ann Radcliffe's The Romance of the Forest (1791), where the dead mother is a "sign of forbidden pleasure" (255), and concludes with Maria Edgeworth's novel Belinda (1801), "best-known for its anti-Jacobin caricature of a cross-dressing proto-feminist eccentric, Harriet Freke, who champions the rights of women to duel and to declare their love to men" (259).

"Whether male- or female-authored, Jacobin or conservative, the scene of female enlightenment tends to veer not only towards the question of female sexuality--the dangerous susceptibility that Wollstonecraft's writing encodes as 'sensibility'--but also towards the problematic outcome of unconfined feminine desire. For the British women writers who constitute the female enlightenment of the early Romantic period, these restraints often coincide with melancholia, taking the form of melancholic identification with a lost maternal object" (240).

Janowitz, Anne. Lyric and Labour in the Romantic Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Janowitz, Anne. "The Romantic Fragment." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 442-51.

Jarvis, Simon. "Wordsworth's Gifts of Feeling." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 90-103.

Jasper, David. The Sacred and Secular Canon in Romanticism: Preserving the Sacred Truths. New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

Jenner, Mark. "Bathing and Baptism: Sir John Floyer and the Politics of Cold Bathing." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 197-216.

Johnson, Roberta. "La Gaviota and Romantic Irony." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 79-92.

"Examines the struggle of displaced persons during the Carlist Wars, a period of extraordinary geographical and national fluidity in Spanish history. Her focus is on a novel [La Gaviota] by Cecilia Bohl von Faber, who wrote under the masculine pseudonymn Fernan Caballero" (5).

Johnston, Kenneth R., and Joseph Nicholes. "Transitory Actions, Men Betrayed: The French Revolution in the English Revolution in Romantic Drama." In British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays, ed. Terence Allan Hoagwood and Daniel P. Watkins (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998), 115-58.

This essay examines five Romantic dramas concerned with the English Revolution, "showing that the political content of these dramas is directly relevant to British politics after the French Revolution" (17). Johnston and Nicholes include discussions of Charles Lamb's John Woodvil, William Godwin's Faulkner, Percy Bysshe Shelley's Charles the First, Mary Russell Mitford's Charles the First, and Robert Browning's Strafford: An Historical Tragedy. "These dramas insist . . . that the actions of individuals are seldom only private . . .and that personal life carries within it the pressures and principles of the age to which it belongs" (18).

Jones, Christine Kenyon. "'Minute Obeisances': Beasts, Birds, and Wordsworth's Ecological Credentials." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 74-89.

"The way in which Wordsworth places and approaches animals in his view of nature has been given little critical attention" (74); includes brief readings of The Prelude (1805; VIII, 486-97; II, 324-29; V, 399-410) and The Excursion (IV, 402-12), with references to Peter Bell and Hart-Leap Well.

Jones, Steven. "Representing Rustics: Satire, Counter-Satire, and Emergent Romanticism." WC 29.1 (Winter 1998): 60-67.

Joseph, Elizabeth. "William Wordsworth as Rhetor in The River Duddon Sonnets." Ph.D. diss., Texas Woman's U, 1998, DAI, 59-07A (1998): 2522, 161 pages.

Wordsworth's The River Duddon sonnets show his craftsmanship and have not received adequate recognition. He deserves to be ranked with Spenser, Sidney, Shakespeare, and Milton; his influence on Shelley, Tennyson, and Arnold "needs further investigation."

Katz, Marc. "Confessions of an Anti-Poet: Kierkegaard's Either/Or and the German Romantics." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 227-45.

Kaufman, Robert. "The Madness of George III, by Mary Wollstonecraft." SIR 37:1 (Spring 1998): 17-26.

Kelley, Theresa M. "Postmodernism, Romanticism, and John Clare." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 157-70.

Kemp, Martin. "Turner's Trinity." Nature 392.6674 (Mar. 26, 1998): 343.

Kenning, Douglas. Necessity, Freedom, and Transcendence in the Romantic Poets: A Failed Religion. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen P, 1998.

Kimmer, Garland. "William Butler Yeats and Meditative Verse: 'Where Got I That Truth?'" Ph.D. diss., U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1998, DAI, 59-08A (1998): 3001, 221 pages.

Yeats' "primary Romantic influence was neither Blake nor Shelley, but Wordsworth." Yeats' poetry revels in the local, like Wordsworth's; his interest in Nationalist politics, the occult, and reverie are compared with Wordsworth's.

Kipperman, Mark. "Coleridge, Shelley, Davy, and Science's Millennium." Criticism 40.3 (Summer 1998): 409-37.

"The model for Queen Mab's visionary science as well as for Coleridge's millennial optimism in his 1794 Religious Musings was Erasmus Darwin's enormously popular poem, The Botanic Garden, whose scientific footnotes ran to 100,000 words" (409). This essay explores the contrast between Shelley's and Coleridge's political responses to the usefulness of scientific knowledge and considers the relationship between idealism and the rejection or acceptance of scientific method and empirical knowledge. Kipperman's essay includes a consideration of the contributions of Dr. Andrew Ure in reviving an executed murderer using a voltaic pile (November 1818), Hans Christian Oersted's (1777-1851) belief that "electricity and magnetism were twin aspects of a single 'original' power," and André-Marie Ampère's (1778-1836) argument that "magnetic forces circled around current-carrying wires and that helixes of such wires could actually create magnets" (419).

Kitson, Peter J. "Beyond the Enlightenment: The Philosophical, Scientific, and Religious Inheritance." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 35-47.

Kitson, Peter J. "Romanticism and Colonialism: Races, Places, Peoples, 1785-1800." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 13-34.

Explores Marx's distinction between colonialism and imperialism, and notes that Romanticism and British imperialism emerged at roughly the same time. Discusses Captain James Cook's three voyages, Edmund Burke's speech which began the impeachment of the Governor of Bengal, Warren Hastings, and Sir William Jones' "translations [which] made Hinduism available to the Romantic poets" (16).

Klancher, Jon. "Godwin and the Genre Reformers: On Necessity and Contingency in Romantic Narrative Theory." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 21-38.

This essay discusses Godwin's shift from political and moral philosophy to cultural inquiry and criticism by contrasting Enquiry Concerning Political Justice (1793) with The Enquirer (1797). Where previous critics see this change in genre as emblematic of "Godwin's shift from rationalism to empiricism or skepticism, radicalism to liberalism, or Enlightenment assuredness to Romantic ironism," Klancher views Godwin's shift in genres as an example of the "expansive early modern or Enlightenment category of 'literature'--the spacious universe of educated genres ranging from the scientific and the historiographic to the poetic and the critical" (21).

Kligerman, Karen Ruth. "The Ravishing Word: Modern Narrative and the Romantic Ode." Ph.D. diss., New York U, 1998, DAI, 58-12A (1998): 4666.

Knight, David M. Science in the Romantic Era. London: Ashgate, 1998.

Koenig-Woodyard, Chris. "A Hypertext History of the Transmission of Coleridge's 'Christabel,' 1800-1816." RoN 10 (May 1998): <http://www-sul.stanford.edu/mirrors/romnet/>.

Kroeber, Karl. "The Presence of Absences: Were the Other Two Wedding Guests William Wordsworth and Fletcher Christian?" WC 29.1 (Winter 1998): 3-8.

Kucich, Greg. "'A Haunted Ruin': Romantic Drama, Renaissance Tradition, and the Critical Establishment." In British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays, ed. Terence Allan Hoagwood and Daniel P. Watkins (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998), 56-83.

Kucich argues that the very success of London's nineteenth-century playhouse drove Romantic writers away from it (58). Among other topics, he explores the elitist implications of Shelley's and Byron's experiments in closet drama and seeks to explain why Beddoes and Keats felt "uneasy about their dramatic ambitions" (77).

Kuczynski, Ingrid. "Reading a Landscape: Ann Radcliffe's A Journey Made in the Summer of 1794, Through Holland and the Western Frontier of Germany, With a Return Down the Rhine." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 241-58.

Kuczynski, Peter. "Intertextuality in Rip Van Winkle; Irving's use of Büsching's Folk Tale Peter Klaus in an Age of Transition." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 295-318.

Labbe, Jacqueline M. "Charlotte Smith, Beachy Head." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 204-10.

Labbe, Jacqueline M. Romantic Visualities: Landscape, Gender, and Romanticism. Basingstoke and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's P, 1998.

This study seeks "an enlarged and more dynamic understanding of what Karl Kroeber calls 'romantic landscape vision.' It is no longer enough to postulate a single or unified Romantic approach to landscape. To concede or even share the eminence would surely threaten to eliminate masculine dominance, yet the female voices inhabiting the landscape shape it, just as their male counterparts complicate their own expected stances" (xxi). Labbe's first chapter considers what the prospect view signifies for male and female poets. Chapter 2 considers whether women can apprehend the foundations of the sublime if they are considered antithetical to it. Her third chapter argues that the garden and bower occupy "gendered cases of seclusion and isolation" (xix). Chapter 4 considers "travel writing's adaptation" of the sublime and picturesque by considering Priscilla Wakefield's A Family Tour (1804) alongside of William Wordsworth's Guide through the District of the Lakes" (xx) (1810). Her fifth chapter contrasts Reynolds' "distaste for the detail" in his Discourses with Mary Delany's detailed flower pictures and Anna Seward's poetry. In her reading of "La Belle Dame sans Merci" (107-12), Labbe shows that Keats demonstrates how the bower is "subversively female" and points out "what happens when the bower is already inhabited by a feminine subject able to make some use of its subversive potential power" (107).

Lau, Beth. "Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 219-26.

Laughlin, Corinna Justine. "The Ossianic Novel." Ph.D. diss., U of Washington, 1998, DAI, 59-06A (1998): 2037.

Leask, Nigel. "Kubla Khan and Orientalism: The Road to Xanadu Revisited." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 1-21.

Takes issue with McGann's assertion that Kubla Khan is concerned with "the poetical faculty itself . . . by considering the poem as it stood before the addition of the 1816 preface." Coleridge "subjected the poetry of his early, youthful radicalism to a revisionary process similar to that which McGann has dubbed 'the Romantic Ideology'" (2).

Leblanc, Jacqueline Christine. "Critique in Aesthetic Ideology: Aesthetic Politics in Romanticism and Critical Theory." Ph.D. diss., U of Massachusetts, 1996, DAI, 57-07A (1996): 3037.

Levin, Katherine Ann. "Rhetoric, Hypocrisy, and Greed: Utopian Thought and Its Representations in Six French and English Novels of the Nineteenth Century." Ph.D. diss., Brandeis U, 1998, DAI, 59-04A (1998): 1153.

Levin, Susan M. The Romantic Art of Confession: De Quincey, Musset, Sand, Lamb, Hogg, Frémy, Soulié, Janin. Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1998.

Levin argues that romantic confessions form a "distinct, literary mode" (2). Discusses Thomas De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium Eater in light of Shelley's Defence of Poetry. Interesting account of Lamb's "Confessions of a Drunkard."

Lucas, John. "John Clare, The Shepherd's Calendar." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 301-12.

Lynch, Deidre. The Economy of Character: Novels, Market Culture, and the Business of Inner Meaning. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998.

Macdonald, D. L. "The Isle of Devils: The Jamaican Journal of M.G. Lewis." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 189-205.

"Utilizing James Clifford's notions of the allegorical basis of ethnolography," Macdonald "shows how Matthew Lewis views Jamaica through a gothic lens."

Maertz, Gregory. "Introduction." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 1-9.

Maertz, Gregory. "Reviewing Kant's Early Reception in Britain: The Leading Role of Henry Crabb Robinson." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 209-26.

Maertz' essay examines the critiques of Kant that were published by leading Romantic writers. Includes a discussion of William Taylor, William Hazlitt, and Thomas De Quincey, though the essay focuses on Henry Crabb Robinson (8).

Maertz, Gregory, ed. Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

The first section contains essays on Richard Hurd and Friedrich Schlegel, by James Engell; on Hölderlin, Nerval, and Clare, by Frederick Burwick; on "Mapping a Geography of Gender," by April Alliston; on Romantic irony, by Roberta Johnson; on the salons of de Staël and Rachel Varnhagen, by Lilian Furst; on Rydal Mount Ladies' Boarding School, by John L. Maloney; on Rousseau and British Romanticism, by Annette Cafarrelli; on Valperga and Corinne, by Kari Lokke; on Richardson, Rousseau, and Kant, by David C. Hensley; on Kant's early reception in Britain and Henry Crabb Robinson's role, by Gregory Maertz; and on Kierkegaard's Either/Or, by Marc Katz.

Magnuson, Paul. Reading Public Romanticism. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1998.

The first chapter makes use of Jurgen Habermas' definition of the "public sphere" to define a "public discourse." The second chapter explores the genres and rhetoric of this public discourse with readings of Coleridge's "This Lime Tree Bower My Prison," first published in Southey's Annual Anthology, where it was framed as a public letter to Charles Lamb. Chapter 3 explores Coleridge's "Frost at Midnight" in Fears in Solitude (1798), defined by reviewers as a German poem. The word German meant "Jacobin" in the 1790s (9). The final two chapters "explore the issue of poetic and political legitimacy" with readings of the dedication to Don Juan and Keats's "Ode on a Grecian Urn." "Much of the poetry published between 1789 and 1830 is public poetry, but one cannot discover its public nature by reading individual works of literature apart from the public discourse that literature enters when it is published. Justice cannot be done to a work's literary and cultural significance by disregarding its various locations in collections of the author's own poetry, collaborative publications with several authors, reviews, newspapers, or anthologies" (3). Chapter 5 reads the "paratextual Dedication to Don Juan as an address to Southey composed from many of the reviews and parodies of Southey's laureate verse and the satire on him in the public press. Chapter 6 reads the 'leaf-fringed legend' in 'On a Grecian Urn' in the Annals of the Fine Arts, where it supports the aesthetics of Haydon, Hazlitt, and Richard Payne Knight--an esthetics that opposed not only the ideal art of Sir Joshua Reynolds, but the system of patronage that supported the Royal Academy and what Hazlitt called legitimacy" (10). Magnuson focuses on lyric poems considered nonpolitical because their public significance has been lost in the late-twentieth century.

Mahoney, John L. "The Rydal Mount Ladies' Boarding School: A Wordsworthian Episode in America." In Cultural Interactions in the Romantic Age: Critical Essays in Comparative Literature, ed. Gregory Maertz (Albany: State U of New York P, 1998), 105-22.

Drawing on archival research at the Wordsworth Library in Grasmere and in Boston-area archives, Mahoney's "The Rydal Mount Ladies' Boarding School" relates how the Rev. Henry K. Green and his wife, Sarah, served as agents of cultural interaction between England and America in the mid-1840s (6). Trans-Atlantic cultural interaction embraced contemporary social history, church politics, and educational theory and praxis.

Makdisi, Saree. Romantic Imperialism: Universal Empire and the Culture of Modernity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998.

Makdisi argues that England's process of universal empire has to be understood in global terms, beyond the British and European viewpoint, and that developments in India, Africa, and the Arab world (up to and including our own time) enable us to understand more fully the texts and contexts of British Romanticism. The book is divided as follows: "Introduction: Universal Empire," "Home Imperial: Wordsworth's London and the Spot of Time," "Wordsworth and the Image of Nature," "Waverley and the Cultural Politics of Dispossession," "Domesticating Exoticism: Transformations of Britain's Orient, 1785-1835," "Beyond the Realm of Dreams: Byron, Shelley, and the East," "William Blake and Universal Empire," and "Conclusions". "The Oriental space developed in Alastor represents a reclamation of an Oriental terrain from previous visions and versions of the East and its incorporation into the emergent space-time of modernity. Thus it not only anticipates the paradigms of Orientalist discourse associated both with James Mill [in History of British India] and with late nineteenth-century English Orientalists (many of whom were inspired by Mill's History) but it contributes to the historical production of the Orient as a space for European knowledge, discipline, and control. The version of the Orient that is produced in Childe Harold II--the Orient as refuge from and potential alternative to modernity--was contested and redefined in later spatial productions; its critical and imaginary terrain had to be seized, cleansed, and totally re-organized and re-invented. The Oriental space produced in Alastor symbolizes the beginning of that reclamation, the production of a new Orient that the poem 'discovers,' which would later be embellished, developed, augmented, and improved in succeeding visions and versions of the East" (123).

Mallory, Anne Boyd. "Acting Out: Theater, Revolution, and the English Novel, 1790-1848." Ph.D. diss., Cornell U, 1998, DAI, 59-07A (1998): 2523.

Matheson, C. S. "The Royal Academy and the Annual Exhibition of the Viewing Public." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 280-303.

Mazzeo, Tilar J. "'Sporting Sketches during a Short Stay in Hindustane': Bodleian MS Shelley Adds. e.21 and Travel Literature in the Shelley/Byron Circle." Romanticism 4.2 (1998): 174-88.

Discusses Edward Ellerker Williams, a lieutenant in the British Army in India and later a member of the Shelley/Byron circle. His journal records events of March 1-12, 1814, including a visit to the ancient ruins, mosques, and harems of Delhi; Williams died on July 8, 1822, and Edward John Trelawny continued the notebook, which "provides significant information concerning the travel narrative as a Romantic genre" (174).

McCann, Andrew. Cultural Politics in the 1790s: Literature, Activism, and the Public Sphere. New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

McEathron, Scott. "Wordsworth and Coleridge, Lyrical Ballads." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 144-56.

McFarland, Thomas. "Coleridge: Prescience, Tenacity and the Origin of Sociology." Romanticism 4.1 (1998): 40-59.

McGann, Jerome. "The Failures of Romanticism." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Literature 1789-1837, ed. Tilottama Rajan and Julia M. Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 270-87.

"Hemans is able to exploit Byron's notoriety, the scandal of his erotic life, to underscore the meaning of Merope as yet another figure of the fallen woman. More important, by placing her in a context where the central subject is poetic fame, 'the lost Pleiad' becomes a sign of the poet--including the male poet--as woman" (279). Brief discussions of sections from Manfred, Childe Harold (III, st. 88; IV, sts. 151, 80), and Beppo (st. 14), which are contrasted with Felicia Hemans' "The Lost Pleiad," "whose memory fixates on loss and whose ironies do not flaunt or celebrate themselves" (Rajan 279; 277). McGann also discusses Charlotte Smith's Elegiac Sonnets and Mary Robinson's Sappho and Phaon (1796). "The Lost Pleiad" is a sympathetic reading of Byron, "one that points to what she takes to be [his] true genius and lost soul" (280). McGann argues that Byron's reading of women as emblems of perfection and a "byword of faithlessness" "has its immediate source . . . in eighteenth-century elegy" (274) by writers such as Charlotte Smith and Mary Robinson, whose Sappho and Phaon (1796) defines a tradition of the elegy that departs from tradition. Smith's Elegiac Sonnets (1784) argues that "poets serve a savage God" (275), and Byron followed Smith's sentimental tradition in Elegiac Sonnets (1784), rather than Wordsworth's romantic one (276), but made Smith's sentimental sufferings "meteoric" in such works as Manfred and Childe Harold III.

McKeon, Michael. "The Pastoral Revolution." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 267-89.

"In early modern England and in conjunction with material change pastoral underwent a fundamental transformation that should be seen as a radical intensification of its basic generic character rather than a qualitatively new departure" (289). Brief discussion of nationalism and imperialism as macro-pastoralism.

McKusick, James C. "'Wisely Forgetful': Coleridge and the Politics of Pantisocracy." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 107-28.

McKusick "explores the hitherto neglected context of accounts of the South Pacific in Coleridge and Southey's Pantisocratic project" (32).

Miall, David S. "The Alps Deferred: Wordsworth at the Simplon Pass." ERR 9.1 (Winter 1998): 87-102.

Miall, David S. "Gothic Fiction." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 345-54.

Miller, Christopher Robert. "The Romantic Lyric: Perception into Form." Ph.D. diss., Harvard U, 1998, DAI, 59-05A (1998): 1585.

Romantic poetry is read through thematic lenses such as Nature, transcendence, secularized Christianity, creative imagination, and history more often than through formal ones. Yet the Romantic writers drew on eighteenth-century landscape poetry and struggled to order poetic perception in characteristic ways. Miller examines lyrics by Coleridge, Wordsworth, and Keats as "narratives of perception enacted in formal inventions and revisions of earlier poetry, with particular attention [paid] to the shifting ratio between lyric self and phenomenal world." Discussing contemporary philosophical and aesthetic discourse, he addresses differences between "pre-Romantic" and Romantic poetry in nuances of poetic language and procedure. Close readings of evening poems by Wordsworth ("Tintern Abbey"), Coleridge ("This Lime Tree Bower"), and Keats ("To Autumn") are read against evening poems by Virgil and Milton (Il Penseroso and Paradise Lost). This study considers the "structure, syntax, and narrative shape of the Romantic lyric" by considering "the subtle design in each poet's synthesis of prior forms."

Monsman, Gerald Cornelius. Oxford University's Old Mortality Society: A Study in Victorian Romanticism. Lewiston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen P, 1998.

Moore, Fabienne. "Chateaubriand's Alter Egos: Napoleon, Madame de Staël, and the 'Indian Savage.'" ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 187-200.

Morrison, Lucy Jane. "British Women Writers in the Public Sphere, 1800-1840." Ph.D. diss., U of South Carolina, 1998, DAI, 59-07A (1998): 2525.

Morton, Timothy. "Blood Sugar." In Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830, ed. Tim Fulford and Peter J. Kitson (Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998), 87-106.

"Southey and Coleridge radicalized a topos already made familiar by the anti-slavery writing of Cowper, William Fox and Thomas Cooper, in which the sugar sweetening the tea of polite Englishmen and women was figuratively turned to the blood shed by the slaves who produced it." In the hands of the young Southey and Coleridge, Morton argues, "this topos . . . arouse[d] a shared guilt and compassion" and also "hinted that the poets vicariously enjoyed the prospect of revolutionary violence" (25).

Murley, Susan. "The Use of Marginalia in Coleridge's Aids to Reflection: Collaboration as Supplementation." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 243-52.

Murray, Ciaran. Sharawadgi: The Romantic Return to Nature. San Francisco: International Scholars Publications, 1998.

Nachumi, Nora. "Acting Like a 'Lady': British Women Novelists and the Eighteenth-Century Stage." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005816ar.html>.

Nachumi briefly discusses how the eighteenth-century theater shaped representations of gender by eighteenth-century women novelists.

Narayan, Gaura Shankar. "Split Subjectivity: Reconciling Gender Identity with Poetic Identity in British Romanticism." Ph.D. diss., Columbia U, 1998, DAI, 59-07A (1998), 2525.

This dissertation discusses Blake's Milton and his creation of the figure of the androgyne; Wordsworth's "Tintern Abbey" as an exemplary instance of "the androgynous plurality of the Wordsworthian subjectivity"; and the "conclusive and compensatory" addresses to Dorothy and Coleridge in The Prelude as "evidence of the poet's desire to relinquish the masculinist mode of historical epic in favor of domestic autobiography." Narayan discusses Keats's feminized imagination as evident in "Lamia" and "La Belle Dame sans Merci." "The unresolved narrative tension of Keats's circular narrative poems is a symptom of the inability of the narrative to contain the female presences in the poems who thereby gain power and poetic privilege which they share with the poet in order to produce a writing subject pluralized in the direction of androgyny."

Nemoianu, Virgil. "Robert Southey's The Doctor: The Conservatism of Voracious Reading." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 223-40.

This essay explores the motivations for Southey's conservatism, which the author defines as characterized by nationalism, anti-industrialism, and an acceptance of social inequality. "Southey's writing (more than that of Coleridge or Shelley) became a paradigm for many key aspects of 19^th century British aesthetic, intellectual (and even political) behaviors" (227). For Nemoianu, The Doctor is Southey's great work, his "Prelude or Biographia" (230).

Neveldine, Robert Burns. Bodies at Risk: Unsafe Limits in Romanticism and Postmodernism. Albany: State U of New York P, 1998.

"Taking a fundamentally post-psychoanalytical approach, Bodies at Risk links philosophical and aesthetic issues in two distinct periods, with postmodernism continuing and amplifying the central concerns of romanticism, including subject formation, the disruptive effects of the human body, and the unique forms of textuality they enable through risky personal and artistic conflicts." Neveldine discusses Wordsworth's "Nutting" and Frankenstein (in the context of Godwin's writings), among other works (including Gregg Araki's film The Living End, Marquis de Sade's prose, and the autobiographical fiction of Thomas Bernhard). "Why does Western culture continue returning to the Frankenstein story so obsessively, and what is there about its protocyberneticism that captivates us?" (xv).

Nichols, Ashton. The Revolutionary "I": Wordsworth and the Politics of Self-Presentation. New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

Six chapters on William Wordsworth, Dorothy Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Brief discussion of Wordsworth's recollection of the power of "false" poetry; comparisons between Wordsworth's verse, Byron's Childe Harold III, and Shelley's Laon and Cythna (146-47).

Nicolay, Claire. "Origins and Reception of Regency Dandyism: Brummell to Baudelaire." Ph.D. diss., Loyola U of Chicago, 1998, DAI, 58-12A (1998): 4640.

Nokes, David. Jane Austen: A Life. Berkeley: U of California P, 1998.

Nokes presents the novelist "not in the modest pose which her family determined for her, but rather, as she most frequently presented herself, as rebellious, satirical, and wild."

O'Neill, Michael. "General Studies of the Romantic Period." In Literature of the Romantic Period: A Bibliographical Guide, ed. Michael O'Neill. Oxford: Clarendon P, 1998.

"I draw highly selective attention to general studies of Romanticism and the Romantic period which may be regarded as significant, or particularly helpful for students, or both" (1); focus is on poetry, rather than fiction. Brief accounts of major works by M. H. Abrams, Harold Bloom, Marilyn Gaull, Carl Woodring, Karl Kroeber, Jerome McGann, Marilyn Butler, Susan Wolfson, and others. Major critical studies, such as Butler's response to Bloom, are seen in relation to one another. O'Neill's hostility to deconstruction is particularly evident in his account of De Man, Rajan, and Wolfson ("Wolfson's book is indebted to but not overpowered by deconstruction" [12]).

O'Quinn, Daniel. "Inchbald's Indies: Domestic and Dramatic Re-Orientations." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 217-30.

O'Rourke, James. "'Goody Blake and Harry Gill,' 'The Thorn,' and the Failure of Philanthropy." ERR 9.1 (Winter 1998): 103-23.

Otter, A.G. den. "Displeasing Women: Blake's Furies and the Ladies of Moral Virtue." ERR 9.1 (Winter 1998): 35-58.

Pace, Joel. "'Gems of a Soft and Permanent Lustre': The Reception and Influence of the Lyrical Ballads in America." RoN 9 (Feb. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n9/005782ar.html>.

Paley, Morton D. "Apocalypse and Millennium." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 470-85.

Patten, Janice. "Joanna Baillie, A Series of Plays." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 169-78.

Peer, Larry H., ed. Romanticism across the Disciplines. Washington, D.C.: Catholic UP of America, 1998.

This book brings together thirteen essays that discuss Romanticism's "presence outside of one national tradition or single discourse field. These scholars point out the relationship between Romanticism and the problems of history, the interpretation of the arts, science, philosophy, and culture. They show how the ideas and effects of Romanticism have entered every field of study through their place in life. The presence of many different approaches to Romanticism demonstrate its diversity as a philosophy and provide an opportunity for a wide, deep understanding of Romanticism and its place in the world." Includes essays by Gerhart Hoffmeister, Sante Matteo, Franca Barricelli, David L. Moseley, Marjean D. Purinton, Jean-Pierre Barricelli, Frederick Garber, Didier Maleurve, Scott Sprenger, Virgil Nemoianu, John Neubauer, Terryl L. Givens, and Anthony P. Russell.

Peer, Larry H., and Diane Long Hoeveler, eds. Comparative Romanticisms: Power, Gender, Subjectivity. Columbia, S.C.: Camden House, 1998.

This collection of essays is divided into three sections: power, gender, and subjectivity. The contributors include Peer and Hoeveler on "A Lens for Comparative Romanticisms" (1-11); Stephen C. Behrendt on "Remapping the Landscape: The Romantic Literary Community Revisited" (11-32); Clark Davis on Melville, money, and Romantic faith (33-46); Richard Kaplan on Dostoevsky's Poor Folk and Melville's Pierre (47-58); Margaret Reid on The Scarlet Letter and early American Romanticism (59-80); Karen Karbiener on Whitman's thoughts on Richard Wagner (81-102); Diane Long Hoeveler on "The Female Gothic, Beating Fantasies, and the Civilizing Process" (103-32); Donelle R. Ruwe on Felicia Hemans and Torquato Tasso's sister (133-58); Debbie Lopez on "'Ungraspable Phantoms': Keats's Lamia and Melville's Yillah" (159-70); Julie Costello on aesthetic discourses and Schlegelian revisions (171-90); Larry H. Peer on "Pushkin and Romantizm" (191-98); Fred V. Randel on "Romantic Poetry and Civic Space in the Wordsworthian Cave" (199-210); Michael J. Call on Girodet and the representation of Chateaubriand's Romantic Christianity (211-22); and Heather I. Sullivan on Ludwig Tieck's novel Franz Sternbalds Wanderungen (223-34).

Peer, Larry H., and Diane Long Hoeveler. "A Lens for Comparative Romanticisms." In Comparative Romanticisms: Power, Gender, Subjectivity, ed. Larry H. Peer and Diane Long Hoeveler (South Carolina: Camden House, 1998).

Perry, Seamus. "Romantic Literary Criticism." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 371-82.

Perry, Seamus. "Romanticism: The Brief History of a Concept." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 3-11.

Perry, Seamus. "Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan, The Ancient Mariner and 'Christabel.'" In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 131-43.

Pfau, Thomas. "Reading beyond Redemption: Historicism, Irony, and the Lessons of Romanticism." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 1-37.

Pfau, Thomas, and Robert F. Gleckner, eds. Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion. Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998.

Essays from the 1994 conference on "The Political and Aesthetic Education of Romanticism" at Duke University, which was organized by the editors. An introduction by Thomas Pfau on historicism, irony, and the lessons of Romanticism, with sections entitled "Varieties of Bildung in European Romanticism and Beyond," "Images and Institutions of Cultural Literacy in Romanticism," and "Gender, Sexuality, and the (Un)Romantic Canon." Essays relevant for this bibliography include those by David S. Ferris, "Keats and the Aesthetics of Critical Knowledge; or, The Ideology of Studying Romanticism at the Present Time" (103-25), mainly a reflection on McGann's essay on Keats; Joel Faflak's "Romantic Psychoanalysis: Keats, Identity, and (The Fall of) Hyperion" (304-27); Steven Bruhm's "Reforming Byron's Narcissism" (429-47); and Greg Kucich's "'This Horrid Theatre of Human Sufferings': Gendering the Stages of History in Catharine Macaulay and Percy Bysshe Shelley" (448-66).

Phillips, Ivan. "Beyond the Marvellous Boy: The Subversive Scuffle and Kick of Chatterton's Verse-and His Particular Influence on the Romantics." TLS 4981 (Sept. 18, 1998): 17-18.

Philonoe. "The Unfuzzy Lam." American Scholar 67.3 (Summer 1998): 5-11.

Pinch, Adela. "Learning What Hurts: Romanticism, Pedagogy, Violence." In Lessons of Romanticism: A Critical Companion, ed. Thomas Pfau and Robert F. Gleckner (Durham, N.C.: Duke UP, 1998), 413-28.

Pinckneya, Tony. "Romantic Ecology." In A Companion to Romanticism, ed. Duncan Wu (Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998), 411-19.

Pipkin, John G. "The Material Sublime of Women Romantic Poets." SEL 38:4 (autumn 1998): 597-620.

Pointner, Frank Erik. "Bardolatry and Biography: Romantic Readings of Shakespeare's Sonnets." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 117-36.

The sonnet, neglected in the Augustan age, received renewed attention during the Romantic era when readers "made no distinction between author and speaker" (120) and read Shakespeare's Sonnets as the Prelude was "meant to be read, as their author's autobiographical confessions" (120). Yet Romantic readers resisted the implications of the biographical approach to the sonnets which they themselves advocated. This essay explores how Coleridge's Table Talk and his Marginalia exhibit the romantic tendency to treat homoeroticism in Shakespeare's sonnets in a non-committal way, only tacitly admitting that Sonnet 20 describes "a passion that pertains to the physical" (131). Pointner notes how the word "nothing" was pronounced "noting," thus encouraging a homoerotic reading of Sonnet 20, a point which Coleridge may or may not have understood. For Coleridge, Sonnet 20 "is Shakespeare's means of veiling his sexual desire for a woman under a homoerotic disguise" (131).

Porter, Roy. "Medicine, Politics, and the Body in Late Georgian England." In Refiguring Revolutions: Aesthetics and Politics from the English Revolution to the Romantic Revolution, ed. Kevin Sharpe and Steven N. Zwicker (Berkeley: U of California P, 1998), 217-37.

Taking issue with a "disembodied historiographical tradition that tells us too little about the corporeal realities of the past," Porter considers a number of caricatures by Rowlandson, Hogarth, Gillray, and others to examine the health of the body as an icon in political debate.

Prickett, Stephen. "Jacob's Dream: A Blakean Interpretation of the Bible." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 99-106.

This essay discusses Blake's water-colour, known as "Jacob's Dream," or "Jacob's Ladder," which was painted in 1808 and exhibited in the Royal Academy that same year. Blake follows Swedenborg, who follows Dante, in focusing on the absence of God in this narrative from Genesis 28:10-16. For Blake and Coleridge, the Bible was a representative literary form, "the paradigm by which other works were to be understood and judged" and the "'type' of wholeness" (105).

Purinton, Marjean D. "The English Pamphlet War of the 1790s and Coleridge's Osorio." In British Romantic Drama: Historical and Critical Essays, ed. Terence Allan Hoagwood and Daniel P. Watkins (Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson UP; London: Associated UP, 1998), 159-81.

This essay situates Coleridge's Osorio amid the political pamphlet wars of the 1790s. Read in the context of the English pamphlet war, Osorio presents a response to the French Revolution; that response is critical of both the Jacobins and Royalists, on the grounds that "both sides pursue narrowly ideological programs that are prone to violence and that, therefore, inevitably impede true liberty" (18).

Purinton, Marjean D. "Revising Romanticism by Inscripting Women Playwrights." RoN 12 (Nov. 1998): <http://www.erudit.org/revue/ron/1998/v/n12/005822ar.html>.

Quinney, Laura. "Wordsworth's Ghosts and the Model of the Mind." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 293-301.

Raizis, Marius Byron. "Romantic Readings of Homer." In British Romantics as Readers: Intertextualities, Maps of Misreading, Reinterpretations; Festschrift fur Horst Meller, ed. Michael Gassenmeier, Petre Bridzun, Jens Martin Gurr, and Frank Eric Pointner (Heidelberg: Universitatsverlag C. Winter, 1998), 55-70.

Though poems by Blake, Wordsworth, and Coleridge show "no obvious signs of creative contacts with the poetry of Homer" (54), the poetry of Byron, Shelley, and Keats exhibit signs of paramount importance. Byron's Don Juan and other works show explicit debts to Homer in plot and character; Shelley translated seven Hymns attributed to Homer; and Keats composed sonnets praising the Greek epic poet. Keats and Shelley preferred Chapman's English poetic versions; Byron preferred Pope's translations of The Iliad and The Odyssey. Raizis discusses Hermione de Almeida's superb reading of Byron and Joyce through Homer (1981). Keats's linear plotting in Endymion, Lamia, Hyperion, and The Fall of Hyperion owes more to Ovid and his imitators than to Homer (59). Shelley read Homer all his life and considered The Iliad a poem "that surpasses any other single production of the human mind"; he even considered the reading of Greek therapeutical. "I have employed Greek in large doses, and I consider it the only sure remedy for diseases of the mind" (64; Jones 2:360). Yet Shelley never wrote a heroic poem or national epic in the style or manner of Homer. Shelley's ethereal sprites differ from Homer's concrete and earthly descriptions of Odysseus' adventures (64).

Rajan, Balachandra. "Monstrous Mythologies: Southey and The Curse of Kehama." ERR 9.2 (Spring 1998): 201-16.

Rajan, Tilottama. "Autonarration and Genotext in Mary Hays' Memoirs of Emma Courtney." In Romanticism, History, and the Possibilities of Genre: Re-forming Liter