Current Bibliography, 1999

Compiled by

KYLE GRIMES

University of Alabama at Birmingham

Headnote from letterpress version:

This bibliography covers articles, reviews, and book-length studies of Byron, Hazlitt, Hunt, Percy and Mary Shelley, John Keats, and their circles.  With a very few exceptions, the works listed here were published between January and December 1999.  Experienced readers of the "Current Bibliography" will note that the annotations are somewhat abbreviated in comparison other recent editions.  This is partly the consequence of a tighter coordination between the letterpress bibliography and its electronic counterpart accessible on the Romantic Circles website <http://www.rc.umd.edu>.  Electronic publication is considerably more forgiving in the limitations of space, and more detailed descriptions of the listed items are available in the electronic format.  There are numerous other capabilities gained by the closer linking of letterpress and electronic versions of the bibliography—some of these are spelled out in a brief introductory essay to the online publication.

Thanks are due to several persons who have assisted in the production of this resource: Heather Martin has helped with several research questions and techniques;  Eddie Luster has tracked down a number of items not available in my home library; Jilla Smith has been enormously helpful as a research assistant—her dedication, enthusiasm, and good cheer have contributed more than she knows to this project; and Deanna Calvert's proofreading has saved a number of errors—her labor (in every sense of the word) has made the work much better.  Please send corrections to the present or contributions for next year's bibliography to Kyle Grimes at the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

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Current Bibliography

I. GENERAL

CURRENT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alec-Smith, Alex.  "Appendix: Byron in Fiction, A List of Books."  In Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Culture, ed. Frances Wilson (Houndmills and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's P, 1999), 221-29.

As an appendix to a collection on "Byromania," Alec-Smith provides a list of works divided into four sections: 1. Novels with Byron as a central character, 2. Plays and films with published scripts that have Byron as a central character, 3. Books with characters somehow related to Byron, and 4. Works borrowed from Samuel Chew's bibliography that Alec-Smith has not seen.  The items are presented chronologically within these categories and range in date from 1816 (Lady Caroline Lamb's Glenarvon) to the mid-1990s (Stoppard's Arcadia).

"Bibliography."  Annual Bulletin of Japan Shelley Studies Center 7 (1999): 43-46.

The annual bibliography of the Japan Shelley Studies Center lists some 40 items recently published in Japan about the Shelleys and their circle and about Keats.  Most of the original items are in Japanese (those in English are designated as such); the bibliography itself is transliterated.

Craciun, Adriana, David Worrall, Seamus Perry, Philip Martin, Leonora Nattrass, E. J. Clery, Robert Miles, and Amy Muse.  "The Nineteenth Century: The Romantic Period."  The Year's Work in English Studies.  Vol. 77.  Ed. Peter J. Kitson, et. al.  Oxford and Malden MA: Blackwell, 1999.  450-521.

This most recent edition of the Year's Work series covers publications from 1996.

Demata, Massimiliano.  "A Bibliography of Byron's Oriental Reading: Addenda and Correction."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 39-41.

Dowling, Linda.  "Recent Studies in the Nineteenth Century."  SEL 39.4 (1999): 791-825.

A lucid and very useful prose survey of dozens of recently published books in nineteenth-century studies.  Dowling divides the descriptive bibliography into several rather idiosyncratic categories (e.g. "Irish Writing and Writers," "Colonialism and Imperialism," "Feminism, Gender, Sexuality").  The most germane of these categories for present purposes is no doubt "Romantic Literature and Culture" (pp. 809-18).

Erdman, David V. and Peter Lundman.  The Romantic Movement: A Selective and Critical Bibliography for 1998.  West Cornwall, CT: Locust Hill Press, 1999.

Gross, Jonathan David.  "Current Bibliography."  KSJ 48 (1999): 203-82.

This most recent installment of the annual bibliography appearing in the Keats-Shelley Journal and on the Romantic Circles website <www.rc.umd.edu> offers a detailed survey of the critical work on the late Romantics published in 1998.  Many items offer remarkably thorough and useful annotations.

 

ANTHOLOGIES, BOOKS, AND ARTICLES RELATING TO ENGLISH ROMANTICISM

Alderman, Nigel James.  "Romantic Ambitions: Excursions Towards the Professional Imagination (William Wordsworth, John Keats, Thomas Carlyle, Poetry)."  Ph.D. diss.,  Duke U, 1999, DAI, 60-05A (1999): 1569, 216 pages.

From Alderman's abstract: "This dissertation charts the emergence of a professional imagination in William Wordsworth, John Keats, and Thomas Carlyle. It argues that these writers went through a historically symptomatic vocational crisis.  That is to say, their decision to be writers was formulated not simply according to what each wanted to do for a living, but rather according to what and who each wanted to be; that is to say, how each could reflexively construct his self as a coherent social and private identity founded upon the practice of writing.  They refused to consider writing a trade, situating themselves in opposition to the increasing dominance of a consumer-driven market.  Instead, they considered their practice not only a vocation, arguing they were duty-bound to follow their desired calling, but also a career, urging its viability as a progressive, biographical trajectory of social advancement."

Almeida, Joselyn M.  "Locating Romanticism's Transatlantic Song."  ERR 10.4 (Fall 1999): 401-23.

Anchoring the discussion in such historical issues as the abolition movement and the emancipation of Spanish America, Almeida focuses the reading on Robert Dunbar's infrequently read epic romance, The Caraguin (1837).  As Almeida expresses it, Dunbar's work "extends the map of Romanticism" since it "provides further evidence for the idea that Romanticism can no longer be read as a movement emerging from a center towards a marginal periphery, and that the Americas constitute an important discursive nucleus in the body of Romantic literature" (402).

Anderson, Kathleen.  "Frances Burney's The Wanderer: Actress as Virtuous Deceiver."  ERR 10.4 (Fall 1999): 424-51.

Armstrong, Isobel, and Virginia Blain, eds.  Women's Poetry in the Enlightenment: The Making of a Canon, 1730-1820.  New York: St. Martin's P (in association with the Centre for English Studies, University of London), 1999.

A valuable and diverse collection of essays discussing the history and status of women writers from the eighteenth century through the Romantic period.  An abiding issue throughout all the essays is the vexed relationship between women poets and the English literary canon that was beginning to gel in the wider literary community.  Those essays most germane to students of Romanticism are Anne K. Mellor's "The Female Poet and the Poetess," Maggie Favretti on Barbauld's Eighteen Hundred and Eleven,  Mary Waldron on Ann Yearsley, Roger Sales's "Literary Philanthropy in Regency York," Stuart Curran on Romantic women poets' self representations, Kate Lilley on Martha Sansom, Constantia Grierson and Mary Leapor's use of the verse epistle, and Judith Hawley on Charlotte Smith's sonnets. 

Armstrong, Isobel, and Virginia Blain, eds.  Women's Poetry, Late Romantic to Late Victorian: Gender and Genre, 1830-1900.  New York: St. Martin's P (in association with the Centre for English Studies, University of London), 1999.

Arshagouni, Michael.  Bridging the Gap: Reichardt’s Die Geisterinsel (1798) as a Link between the Worlds of Enlightenment and Romanticism.  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 214-30.

Austin, Linda M.  "The Lament and Rhetoric of the Sublime."  NCL 53.3 (December 1998): 279-306.

Backscheider, Paula R.  "Reflections on the Importance of Romantic Drama."  TSLL 41.4 (Winter 1999): 311-29.

In an essay introductory to a special issue of Texas Studies focusing on Romantic drama, Backscheider offers a description of theater during the Romantic period and examines the role of several canonical writers within this context.  The essay is introductory in the most positive sense: it opens upon numerous critical and cultural issues that emerge from a study of the relatively neglected genre of Romantic drama.

Balle, Mary Blanchard.  "Mary Lamb and Sarah Stoddart: An Unlikely Friendship."  CLB 106 (April 1999): 54-65.

Barfoot, C. C., ed.  Victorian Keats and Romantic Carlyle: The Fusions and Confusions of Literary Periods.  Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi, 1999. 

This collection of essays, drawn from papers presented at the 9th Leiden October Conference in 1995, begins with the odd fact that both Keats and Carlyle were born in the same year but that they have come to find their canonical places in different literary periods.  This becomes the basis for a broader interrogation of literary periods.

Barth, J. Robert, S. J.  "'A Spring of Love': Prayer and Blessing in Coleridge's 'Rime of the Ancient Mariner.'"  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 75-80.

Baulch, David M.  "Blake's Vala or The Four Zoas: Hypertext and Multiple Plurality."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 154-61.

Beatty, Bernard. "Calvin in Islam: a reading of Lara and The Giaour." Romanticism 5.1 (1999): 70-86.

Beatty identifies a link between Byron's oriental tales and an abiding interest in Calvinism.

Beer, John.  "A Coleridge Puzzle."  N&Q  46.4 (1999): 457-58.

Beesemyer, Irene A.  "Romantic Masculinity in Edgeworth's Ennui and Scott's Marmion: In Itself a Border Story."  PLL 35.1 (Winter 1999): 74-96.

Behrendt, Stephen and Harriet Kramer Linkin, eds.  Romanticism and Women Poets: Opening the Doors of Reception.  Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1999.

A collection of essays that, taken together, strive to effect a comprehensive reassessment of the place of women poets within the canon(s) of Romantic-period writing.  The essays include Linkin and Behrendt's introduction on textual recovery and its canonical implications, Paula Feldman on the processes of canon formation, Behrendt with a survey of women poets, 1802-12, Adriana Craciun on Mary Lamb, Roxanne Eberle on Amelia Opie, Sarah Zimmerman on Charlotte Smith, Catherine Burroughs on Frances Anne Kemble, Linkin on Mary Tighe, William McCarthy on Anna Laetitia Barbauld, Kathleen Kickok on Caroline Bowles Southey, Susan Wolfson on Felicia Hemans, and Tricia Lootens on Letitia Landon.

Benis, Toby R.  Romanticism on the Road: The Marginal Gains of Wordsworth's Homeless.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Bennett, Andrew.  Romantic Poets and the Culture of Posterity.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

"This original book examines the way in which the Romantic period inaugurates a tradition of writing which demands that the poet should write for an audience of the future: the true poet, a figure of neglected genius, can only be properly appreciated after death. Andrew Bennett argues that this involves a radical shift in the conceptualisation of the poet and poetic reception, with wide-ranging implications for the gendering of the poetic canon, and for understanding the work of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, Shelley and Byron, paradigmatic figures of the Romantic poet."

Benthall, R. A.  "New Moons, Old Ballads, and Prophetic Dialogues in Coleridge's 'Dejection: An Ode.'"  SIR 37.4 (Winter 1998): 591-614.

Berlin, Isaiah.  The Roots of Romanticism.  Ed. Henry Hardy.  Princeton: Princeton UP, 1999.

The first published edition of Berlin's famous Mellon Lectures from 1965.  Excerpts can be found in TLS, 19 February 1999, pp. 13-15.

Berman, Douglas Scott.  "'The Seduction of System': The Critical Reception of William Wordsworth's Preface to 'Lyrical Ballads,' 1800-1820 (Romanticism)."  Ph.D. diss., U of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, 1999, DAI, 60-08A (1999): 2936, 297 pages.

Beshero-Bondar, Elisa.  "Nine New Letters of Robert Southey."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 47-55.

Bewell, Alan.  Romanticism and Colonial Disease.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Focusing on the neglected but surprisingly pervasive issue of a Romantic-era anxiety about infectious tropical disease, Bewell presents the history of the issue, complete with the astonishing mortality statistics for those soldiers and planters and traders who took part in British colonial expansion and with accounts of the understandable fear with which ordinary Englishmen approached any person returned from the colonies.  This historical background provides a basis for fresh and compelling readings of several Romantic literary texts—from the dying crew and the social isolation of the protagonist in the Ancient Mariner to the world-wide contagion of The Last Man.  In short, contagious disease becomes the hinge connecting the expanding colonial enterprise with the psychological anxieties and physical infirmities of the native British population. 

Birch, Dinah.  "Elegiac Voices: Wordsworth, Turner, and Ruskin."  RES 50.199 (1999): 332-44.

Blackwell, Mark R.  "Constant, Napoleon, and the Mechanics of Political Action in Wallstein."  SIR 38.1 (Spring 1999): 63-88.

Blechman, Max, ed.  Revolutionary Romanticism: A Drunken Boat Anthology.  San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1999.

Brandes, Melba S.  "'Into the Edmonton Churchyard': My Visit to the Grave of Charles Lamb."  CLB 106 (April 1999): 84-87.

Breen, Jennifer, ed.  The Selected Poems of Joanna Baillie (1762-1851), by Joanna Baillie.  Manchester: Manchester UP, 1999.

A selection of Baillie's lyric poetry with an introduction linking the poems to Baillie's Scottish backgrounds. 

Broglio, Ronald S., Marcel O'Gorman, and F. William Ruegg.  "Digging Transformations in Blake: What the Mole Knows about the New Millenium."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 144-54.

Brown, Marshall, ed.  Eighteenth-Century Literary History: An MLQ Reader.  Durham, N. C.: Duke UP, 1999.

The historical center of this collection lies somewhere before the Romantic period, but Brown includes essays by Jon Klancher on "Godwin and the Republican Romance" and Jerome McGann on "Mary Robinson and the Myth of Sappho."

Burns, Allan D.  "Landor, Ianthe, and the 'Other Bards.'"  ELN 37.1 (September 1999): 56-64.

Burns suggests that Landor's "Ianthe" is a reference to his beloved Jane Swift; the use of the name "Ianthe," however, raises a number of questions about Landor's problematic relations with Byron and Shelley.

Bushell, Sally.  "Exempla in The Excursion: The Purpose of the Pastor's Epitaphic Tales."  CLB 105 (January 1999): 16-27.

Byron, Glennis, and David Punter, eds.  Spectral Readings : Towards a Gothic Geography.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Carter, Adam.  "'Insurgent Government': Romantic Irony and the Theory of the State." In Irony and Clerisy, ed. Deborah Elise White.  RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/irony/carter/schlegel.html>.

In contrast to the prevailing tendencies in Schlegel scholarship, Carter offers a "sustained attempt to read Schlegel’s fragments on aesthetics and philosophy in relation to his fragments on politics and government—a relation that Schlegel himself repeatedly gestures toward. This must, perforce, take the form of a consideration in Schlegel’s fragments of the relation between politics and irony" (par 1).

Chandler, David.  "'In the end despondency & madness': Werther in Wordsworth."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 55-59.

Chandler, David.  "Joseph Hunter's 1832 Account of Wordsworth."    N&Q  46.4 (1999): 461-68.

Chandler, David. "Wordsworth's 'Are There no Groans?': Source, Meaning, Significance." RoN 14 (May 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/groans.html>.

Christie, William.  "Going Public: Print Lords Byron and Brougham."  SIR 38.3 (Fall 1999): 443-75.

Christie's historically based essay examines the strained relations between Brougham and Byron and then considers more broadly the techniques by which each writer generated his public stature: "Byron and Brougham manufactured careers by 'going public.'  . . .  Both became proficient in manipulating and in extending [the public], though where Brougham had to work hard to create the type and size of a public by which he could be supported and his work justified and admired, the public that admired Byron created and collaborated to sustain him" (475).

Ciccarelli, Andrea, John Claiborne Isbell, and Brian Nelson, eds.  The People's Voice: Essays on European Romanticism.  Clayton, Melbourne: School of European Languages and Cultures, Monash University, 1999.

A wide-ranging collection of essays on the general topic of Romanticism, both British and (especially) continental.  Essays include among others Remo Ceserani on "The New System of Literary Modes in the Romantic Age," Gerald Gillespie on "Agents and Agency of History in Romantic Literature," Stuart Curran on "The Print Culture of British Romanticism," Ernst Behler on "The Early Romantic Theory of Language and Its Impact upon Nietzsche and Foucault."

Clancey, Richard W.  "Lamb, Horace, and the Ring of a Classic."  CLB 108 (October 1999): 150-61.

Clemens, Valdine.  The Return of the Repressed: Gothic Horror from The Castle of Otranto to Alien.  Ithaca: State University of New York P, 1999.

Clemens provides a discussion—principally psychoanalytic, but also engaging social and historical circumstances—of gothic literature.  The basic argument is that gothic horror identifies, albeit in a masked or inchoate form, collective problems that trouble the society from which the text emerges.  One of Clemens's key texts is Shelley's Frankenstein.

Clery, Emma and Robert Miles, eds..  Gothic Documents: A Sourcebook, 1700-1820.  New York: St. Martin's P, 2000.

Colclough, Stephen.  "Clare and the Annuals: A Previously Unpublished Letter from John Clare to L. T. Ventouillac, Editor of The Iris."    N&Q  46.4 (1999): 468-70.

Cole, William.  "An Unknown Fragment by William Blake: Text, Discovery, and Interpretation."  MP 96.4 (May 1999): 485-97.

Cooper, Andrew and Michael Simpson.  "The High-Tech Luddite of Lambeth: Blake's Eternal Hacking."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 125-31.

Cooper, Andrew R.  "'Monumental Inscriptions': Language, Rights, the Nation in Coleridge and Horne Tooke."  ELH 66.1 (Winter 1999): 87-110.

Cox, Jeffrey.  "Spots of Time: The Structure of the Dramatic Evening in the Theater of Romanticism."  TSLL 41.4 (Winter 1999): 403-25.

Cox identifies "a kind of immediate intertextuality" bestowed on a drama by virtue of its being performed in a particular theater and in close temporal or geographical proximity to other dramatic performances.  As he puts the case, "we must . . . attend to the gifts and constraints of time as plays are placed into the temporal sequence of performance" (404).  Cox's principal example is Coleridge's Remorse, though he touches on numerous other dramas, many of which have long been forgotten.

Cox, Jeffrey.  Poetry and Politics in the Cockney School: Keats, Shelley, Hunt and Their Circle.  Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1998. 

"Jeffrey N. Cox refines our conception of 'second-generation' Romanticism by placing it within the circle of writers around Leigh Hunt that came to be known as the Cockney School. Offering a theory of the group as a key site for cultural production, Cox challenges the traditional image of the Romantic poet as an isolated figure by recreating the social nature of the work of Shelley, Keats, Hunt, Hazlitt, Byron, and others as they engaged in literary contests, wrote poems celebrating one another, and worked collaboratively on journals and other projects.  Cox also recovers the work of neglected writers such as John Hamilton Reynolds, Horace Smith, and Cornelius Webb as part of the rich social and cultural context of Hunt's circle.  This book not only demonstrates convincingly that a Cockney School existed, but shows that it was committed to putting literature in the service of social, cultural, and political reform."  And one might add to this reasonably accurate and comprehensive dustjacket description that Cox implicity reorganizes the now conventional way of arranging the later Romantic writers into various author-centered "circles"—e.g. "The Shelley Circle"—arguing instead for the designation of a distinct, unified, and prolific literary-cultural "School."

Crawford, Rachel.  "Troping the Subject: Behn, Smith, Hemans and the Poetics of the Bower."  SIR 38.2 (Summer 1999): 249-80.

Cronin, Richard.  "Walter Scott and Anti-Gallican Minstrelsy."  ELH 66.4 (Winter 1999): 863-83.

Cronin, Richard.  The Politics of Romantic Poetry: In Search of the Pure Commonwealth.  New York: St. Martin's P, 2000.

"In recent years critics of Romantic poetry have divided into two groups, one insisting that to study a poem is to investigate the historical circumstances out of which it was produced, the other retorting that poetry offers pleasures fully available only to readers whose attention is focused on their language.  This book attempts to reconcile the two groups by arguing that a poet's most effective political action is the forging of a new language and that the political import of a poem is a function of its style."

Davidson, Graham.  "Odes, Ballads and Romantics."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 114-117.

Davies, Damian Walford.  "Blake's Man in the Iron Mask: A Visual Source."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 29-30.

Davies, Damian Walford.  "Wordsworth's Blind Beggar and John Thelwall's Poems, Chiefly Written in Retirement."  CLB 107 (July 1999): 114-17.

Davis, Michael, ed.  Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775-1848: Essays in Honour of Malcolm I. Thomis.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

DePaolo, Charles.  "Hume, Coleridge, and the Phenomenon of Polytheism."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 84-89.

Derry, Stephen.  "John Thorpe's 'old song' in Northanger Abbey."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 28-29.

Duffy, Edward.  "The Romantic Calling of Thinking: Stanley Cavell on the Line with Wordsworth."  SIR 37.4 (Winter 1998): 615-45.

Dugger, Julie Marie.  "Historic Properties: The Rhetoric of British Utopia, 1815-1848 (Reform Movements)."  Ph.D. diss., U of Chicago, 1998, DAI, 59-11A (1999): 4150, 247 pages.

The fundamental argument here is that the reform movements of early nineteenth-century Britain were influenced by utopian literature.  The first chapter focuses on the works of Robert Owen and P. B. Shelley.

Eaves, Morris, Robert N. Essick, Joseph Viscomi, and Matthew G. Kirschenbaum.  "Standards, Methods, and Objectives in the William Blake Archive: A Response."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 135-44.

Eilenberg, Susan.  "Copyright's Rhetoric and the Problem of Analogy in the Eighteenth-Century British Debates." In Romanticism and the Law.  Ed. Michael Macovski.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/eilenberg/sebg.html>.

Elfenbein, Andrew.  Romantic Genius: The Prehistory of a Homosexual Role.  New York: Columbia UP, 1999.

Elfenbein's study of the development of an association between homosexuality and literary genius concentrates primarily on the earlier Romantic period.  Indeed, Elfenbein argues that the association only becomes concretized with a "history" (as opposed to a "prehistory") in the work and reputation of Byron. The concluding lines of the Introduction provide a sense of the book's central topoi: in discussing writers—even influential writers—who "did not quite fit in," Elfenbein contends that "The prominence of various modes of homosexual representation in their works, lives, and receptions meant that they positioned themselves far from the established taste of the day.  For the writers in this book genius was not a category that implied serene confidence in their creative powers.  Instead, it was a highly defensive, troubled posture that was either assumed with great pains or anxiously thrust on them.  These anxieties became part of the long history by which homosexuals and homosexuality came to take a leading role in defining the history of literature and authorship" (16).

Esterhammer, Angela and Julia M. Wright.  “Implications of 1798.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 127-36.

Esterhammer, Angela.  “’The Duel’: Kleist’s Scandal of the Speaking Body.” ERR 10.1 (Winter 1999): 1-22.

Faflak, Joel Robert.  "Subjects Presumed to Know: The Scene of Romantic Psychoanalysis (Romanticism, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, Thomas De Quincey)."  Ph.D. diss., U of Western Ontario, 1999, DAI, 60-08A (1999): 2938, 350 pages.

Faflak, Joel Robert. "Analysis Interminable in the Other Wordsworth." RoN 16 (November 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/otherww.html>.

Farnell, Gary. "Wordsworth’s The Prelude as Autobiography of An Orphan." RoN 13 (February 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/orphan.html>.

Fisch, Harold.  The Biblical Presence in Shakespeare, Milton, and Blake.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999.

Fletcher, Loraine.  Charlotte Smith: A Critical Biography.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

Foakes, R. A. "Beyond the Visible World: Wordsworth and Coleridge in Lyrical Ballads (1798)." Romanticism 5.1 (1999): 58-69.

Friedman, Geraldine.  “Rereading 1798: Melancholy and Desire in the Construction of Edgeworth’s Anglo-Irish Union.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 175-92.

Fry, Paul H., ed.  The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.  Boston: Bedford, 1999.

Fulford, Tim.  "Cobbett, Coleridge and the Queen Caroline Affair."  SIR 37.4 (Winter 1998): 523-43.

Fulford concentrates on the voluble public discourse surrounding the trial of Queen Caroline in 1820.  The essay describes the sexual politics implicit in that discourse and calls attention to the "continuing significance of Burke."  Perhaps the most trenchant contribution here lies in Fulford's analysis of shifting conceptions of and relationships between writers and their audiences.  Focusing particularly on the contrast between Cobbett's and Coleridge's responses, Fulford argues that "The affair caused both men to alter the modes by which their political writing addressed readers.  It also caused them to modify their conceptions of the reading public and its proper role in the political sphere" (523).

Fulford, Tim.  Romanticism and Masculinity: Gender, Politics, and Poetics in the Writings of Burke, Coleridge, Cobbett, Wordsworth, De Quincey, and Hazlitt.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

An extended consideration—in both literary and more broadly social and political contexts—of the notion of "manliness."  The book is clearly relevant in studies of such Romantic-era gender issues as the place of Romantic women writers and the status of such "effeminate" writers as the Della Cruscans or even of Hunt and Keats.  The chapter headings offer a reasonably sound guide to Fulford's interests and argument:  1. Some Versions of Masculinity in Romanticism; 2. Burke: The Gendering of Power; 3. Coleridge in the 1790s: "Lord of thy Utterance"?; 4. "Manly Reflection": Masculinity in Coleridge's Criticism; 5. Sexual Politics: Burke, Coleridge and Cobbett; 6. Wordsworth: The "Time Dismantled Oak?"; 7. De Quincey and Hazlitt: To Have and Have Not the Power. 

Fulford, Tim. "Mary Robinson and the Abyssinian Maid: Coleridge's Muses and Feminist Criticism." RoN 13 (February 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/kublarobinson.html>.

Gamer, Michael.  "Authors in Effect: Lewis, Scott, and the Gothic Drama."  ELH 66.4 (Winter 1999): 831-861.

Gaull, Marilyn.  “Joseph Johnson: Literary Alchemist.”  ERR 10.3 (Summer 1999): 265-78.

Goodson, A. C., ed.   Coleridge's Writings, Vol. 3: On Language.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

Gravil, Richard. "James Fenimore Cooper and the Spectre of Edmund Burke." RoN 14 (May 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/cooper.html>.

Greenfield, Susan C. and Carol Barash, eds.  Inventing Maternity: Politics, Science, and Literature, 1650-1865.  Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 1999.

Among the essays collected here are Claudia L. Johnson's "Mary Wollstonecraft: Styles of Radical Maternity" and Julie Costello's "Maria Edgeworth and the Politics of Consumption: Eating, Breastfeeding, and the Irish Wet Nurse in Ennui."

Grimes, Kyle.  "Spreading the (Radical) Word: The Circulation of William Hone's Liturgical Parodies of 1817."  In Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775-1848: Essays in Honour of Malcolm I. Thomis, ed. Michael Davis (New York: St. Martin's P, 1999), 143-56.

Using evidence drawn from the correspondence of the Home Office, Grimes traces the explosive circulation of Hone's parodies.  The central argument holds that the prime motivation for Hone's blasphemy trials of 1817 was not so much an effort to stifle the "content" of the parodies as a paranoid response to an emergent mode of decentralized and very rapid publication—a kind of emergent form of mass media that seemed beyond the centralized control of ecclesiastical or governmental oversight.

Groom, Nick, ed.  Thomas Chatterton and Romantic Culture.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Groom, Nick.  The Making of Percy's Reliques.  New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Grossman, Jonathan H.  "The Labor of the Leisured in Emma: Class, Manners, and Austen."  NCL 54.2 (September 1999): 143-64.

Focusing specifically on manners, Grossman contends that "the production of etiquette is a primary and defining function of the historical class Austen depicts."  In other words, etiquette is an active, constitutive practice by which the leisure class defines and reproduces itself.

Groves, David.  "De Quincey and the Early Issues of Blackwood's Magazine."    N&Q  46.4 (1999): 473-74.

Hadley, Elaine.  "Home as Abroad: Orientalism and Occidentalism in Early English Stage Melodrama."  TSLL 41.4 (Winter 1999): 330-50.

Haney, David P.  "Aesthetics and Ethics in Gadamer, Levinas, and Romanticism: Problems of Phronesis and Teche."  PMLA 114.1 (January 1999): 32-45.

From Haney's abstract: "Aristotle's distinction between phronesis, or ethical knowledge, and techne, or productive knowledge, is relevant both to Romantic and modern discussions of the relations between aesthetic and ethical experience.  Wordsworth and Coleridge [in contrast to modern treatments] try in different ways to negotiate between the two kinds of knowledge, advocating the ethical force of poetry while acknowledging its status as techne" (167).

Hartman, Geoffrey.  A Critic's Journey: Literary Reflections, 1958-1998.  New Haven: Yale UP, 1999.

A collection of essays—both evocative and provocative—that span the career of one of the most influential Romantics critics of the past few decades.

Hawley, Michelle Renee.  "Aesthetic Citizenship: Poetry and the Public Sphere in Britain, 1868-1874 (Victorian, Harriett Beecher Stowe, Lord Byron, James Thomson, Robert Browning, Republicanism, Liberalism)."  Ph.D. diss., U of Chicago, 1999, DAI, 60-06A (1999): 2038, 278 pages.

Hawley's study examines a crucial period in the political development of Victorian England, arguing that in the years 1868-1874 "the legacy of romanticism became central and conflicted terrain."  On the one hand, the radical Romantics (Blake, Byron, Shelley) were the impetus for a popular counter-politics; on the other, a selection of Romantic-era poetry was "swiftly being incorporated into the emergent 'literary tradition' as an affirmative symbol of national culture."

Hennelly, Mark M., Jr.  "'As Well Fill Up the Space Between': A Liminal Reading of Christabel."  SIR 38.2 (Summer 1999): 203-22.

Hirschfield, Lisa. "Between Memory and History: Wordsworth's Excursion." RoN 16 (November 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/memory.html>.

Hobson, Christopher Z.  The Chained Boy: Orc and Blake's Idea of Revolution.  Lewisburg, NJ: Bucknell UP, 1999.

Hodgson, John A. "An Other Voice: Ventriloquism in the Romantic Period." RoN 16 (November 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/hodgson.html>.

Hogle, Jerrold E.  "Introduction: Gothic Studies Past, Present, and Future."  Gothic Studies 1.1 (August 1999): 1-9.

Holmes, Richard.  Coleridge: Darker Reflections, 1804-1834.  New York: Pantheon, 1999.

Irvine, Robert P.  "Scott's The Black Dwarf: The Gothic and the Female Author."  SIR 38.2 (Summer 1999): 223-48.

Ishizuka, Hisao.  "William Black and Eighteenth-Century Medicine."  Ph.D. diss., U of Essex (United Kingdom), 1999, DAI, 60-03C (1999): 533.

Jackson, H. J. "Lucy Revived." RoN 13 (February 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/lucy.html>.

Jarvis, Robin.  Romantic Writing and Pedestrian Travel.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Jarvis argues that the popularity of walking during the 1790s and after had a powerful and heretofore unacknowledged influence on the writing of the Romantics, particularly Wordsworth, Coleridge and Keats.  In effect, Jarvis suggests that the physical act of walking fosters a distinctly Romantic creativity that is founded in the movement of the body.

Jarvis, Simon.  "Wordsworth and Idolatry."  SIR 38.1 (Spring 1999): 3-28.

Jefferson, D. W. [Douglas William].  Three Essays: Johnson, Wordsworth, Byron.  Leeds: Leeds Philosophical and Literary Society, 1998.

Johnson, Ann Lorraine.  "The Nightingale's Song: English Romantic Poetry and Ideology."  M.A. thesis, California State U, Dominguez Hills, 1999, MAI, 37-06 (1999): 1630, 81 pages.

Johnson, Barbara.  "Apostrophe, Animation, and Abortion." In Contemporary Literary Criticism: Literary and Cultural Studies, eds. Robert Con Davis and Ronald Schleifer (New York: Longman, 1998), 221-35.

Johnson, Mary Lynn.  "The Iowa Blake Videodisc Project: A Cautionary History."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 131-35.

Johns-Putra, Adeline. "Satirising the Courtly Woman and Defending the Domestic Woman: Mock Epics and Women Poets in the Romantic Age." RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/courtly.html>.

Johns-Putra examines the gender/genre politics of women writers adopting the culturally and morally normative form of the Juvenalian mock epic.  The central works examined are Elizabeth Ryves's The Hastiniad (1785), "a pro-Whig burlesque in the manner of the notable Whig satirist John Wolcot," Lady Anne Hamilton's The Epics of the Ton (1807), which "appeared as a defence of the Princess of Wales in the aftermath of the Delicate Investigation of 1806 into charges of adultery against the Princess," and The Mousiad (1787), by "Polly Pindar," which illuminates the issue of female pseudonymy.  Taken together, the works "raise questions of gender and genre, and reveal something of the clash between courtly culture and the cult of domesticity that occurred at the end of the eighteenth century."

Johnston, Kenneth R.  "A Response to John Beer."  CLB 107 (July 1999): 138-41.

The response is to Beer's review of Johnston's The Hidden Wordsworth which appeared in CLB 105 (January 1999), pages 39-45.

Johnston, Kenneth R.  "Wordsworth's Mission to Germany: A Hidden Bicentenary?"  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 15-22.

Johnston, Kenneth R. "Romantic Anti-Jacobins or Anti-Jacobin Romantics?" RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/antijacobin.html>.

In a wide-ranging, self-consciously New Historicist essay, Johnston considers the potential relations between the early Wordsworth and Coleridge (of Lyrical Ballad days) and the more urban and witty writing of the Anti-Jacobin.  Johnston suggests "that 'New Morality' is to some extent a coded call to Wordsworth, and perhaps also to Coleridge and Southey, to return to the establishment fold—from whence they came by birth and class origin—and join in the work of cultural regeneration which the bright young men of The Anti-Jacobin saw themselves engaged in."

Jones, Bernard.  "1798-1898: Wordsworth, Hardy, and 'The Real Language of Men.'"  ES 80.6 (December 1999): 509-17.

Jones, Steven E. "'Supernatural, or at Least Romantic': the Ancient Mariner and Parody." RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/sejstc.html>.

Joukovsky, Nicholas A., ed.  The Letters of Thomas Love Peacock.  2 Vols.  Oxford: Clarendon P, 1999.

Kaiser, David Aram.  Romanticism, Aesthetics, and Nationalism.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Kaiser examines the relationship between aesthetic and political theory.  The historical focus of the book is rather wide-ranging, extending from the Romantic period through such twentieth-century theorists as Adorno and Habermas.  The early chapters on nationalism, the rhetoric of the symbol, and aesthetic culture as expressed in Coleridge and Schiller are especially useful to students of Romanticism.

Kautz, Elizabeth Dolan.  "The Geography of Melancholy: Depression and Healing in the Works of British Women Writers, 1785-1845 (Charlotte Smith, Mary Wollstonecraft, Mary Robinson, Jane Austen, Mary Shelley)."  Ph.D. diss., U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1999, DAI, 60-08A (1999): 2940, 232 pages.

The writers mentioned in the title "disrupted the category of masculine melancholic genius by representing their depression in terms of the masculine discourse of melancholy rather than the feminized discourse of hysteria."  Kautz sees this fundamental gender distinction and contends that these writers "represented melancholia and therapies for melancholia—spa treatments, salutary landscapes, and botany—in order to claim the illness and its association with literary production for women and members of the working class."  What is more, they collectively offer a "more utilitarian and rationally based relationship with nature than commonly has been attributed to Romantic writers."

Keen, Paul.  The Crisis of Literature in the 1790s: Print Culture and the Public Sphere.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

Kelley, Theresa. "Romantic Interiority and Cultural Objects." In Romanticism and Philosophy in an Historical Age, ed. Karen Weisman. RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/philosophy/kelley/tk1.html>.

Kelsall, Malcolm.  Jefferson and the Iconography of Romanticism: Folk, Land, Culture and the Romantic Nation.  New York, St. Martin's P, 1999.

Khan, Jalal Uddin.  "On the Making of Wordsworth's Political Thought in 'Dion.'"  ELN 37.1 (September 1999): 44-56.

King-Hele, Desmond.  Erasmus Darwin and the Romantic Poets.  London: DLM, 1999.

Kitson, Peter, Debbie Lee, Anne K. Mellor, James Walvin, Alan Bewell, Jeffrey Cox, David Dabydeen, Alan Richardson, Sukhdev Sandhu, and Srinivas Aravamudan, eds.  Slavery, Abolition and Emancipation: Writings in the British Romantic Period.  Brookfield, VT: Pickering and Chatto, 1999.

A massive, eight volume, 3200 page collection of period writing on slavery and the slave trade question.  The first volume consists principally of the autobiographical narratives of slaves and former slaves; volumes 2-4 are taken up with documents from the public debate over abolition and the slave trade as it was carried on in the periodical press, in Parliament, and elsewhere; volumes 5 and 6 cover drama and fiction respectively; volume 7 consists of documents on the medical aspects of the slave trade; and volume 8 presents several essays presenting various Romantic-era theories of racial difference.

Kneale, J. Douglas. Romantic Aversions: Aftermaths of Classicism in Wordsworth and Coleridge.  Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1999.

Koenig-Woodyard, Chris. "sex—text: 'Christabel' and the Christabelliads." RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/parodyxtabel.html>.

Kohler, Michael David.  "Governmental Modernity and Nineteenth-Century Narrative and Dramatic Verse: A Study in the Ideological Inflection of Form (William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Robert Browning, Romantic, Poetry)."  Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins U, 1999, DAI, 60-02A (1999): 433, 256 pages.

The dissertation examines the Romantic writers' assumption of a link between imaginative writing and social and political change.  "These essays chart the attempts of three representative poets, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Robert Browning, to shape new forms of social experience by developing new modes of poetic coherence and totality. In readings of Wordsworth's Salisbury Plain poems and The White Doe of Rylstone, Shelley's Prometheus Unbound and The Cenci, and Browning's Sordello and The Ring and the Book, I argue that these new poetic modes are established principally by coupling narrative representations with and against alternative regimes of formal completion.  These alternative regimes are aligned in the poems with particular representations of the relation of person and social whole, such that the overcoming or transformation of narrative coincides with the triumph of a certain literary-aesthetic, hence ideological, regime."

Kooy, Michael John.  "Coleridge, Malta and the 'Life of Ball': How Public Service Shaped The Friend."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 102-08.

Kooy, Michael John.  "Romanticism and Coleridge's Idea of History."  Journal of the History of Ideas 60.4 (1999): 717-35.

Kroeber, Karl.  "Proto-Evolutionary Bards and Post-Ecological Critics."  KSJ 48 (1999): 157-72.

In a spirited and at times highly polemical review essay focusing on two recent special journal issues devoted to "Ecological Criticism" (Studies in Romanticism, 35.3, Fall 1996 and The Wordsworth Circle, 28.3, Fall 1997), Kroeber clarifies his own contributions to the field, suggests that ecological criticism "offers the best means for evaluating how—and why—our culture conceives the operation of natural processes as we do" (171),  and offers a monitory note about criticism gone wrong.

Kroeber, Karl.  "The Blake Archive and the Future of Literary Studies."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 123-25.

Kuduk, Stephanie Ann.  "Republican Aesthetics: Poetry and Democracy in Nineteenth-Century Britain (Nineteenth Century, William Blake, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Thomas Cooper, Algernon Charles Swinburne)."  Ph.D. diss., Stanford U, 1999, DAI, 60-08A (1999): 2940, 284 pages.

Kuduk examines a genre she calls "republican aesthetics"—the works of "radical poets [who] attempted to translate republican ideals such as liberty, equality, and community into poetic form and . . . to envision poetry as an agent of social and political change."  In this view, poetry had the power to pierce people's tendency to acquiesce in the ideological, typically monarchical repressions that had heretofore held them to a rather confined space within the public sphere.  The formal innovations of radical poetry could potentially awaken readers to the fact of their own oppression.  Romantic-era works discussed include Blake's Songs of Experience, the "New Songs" of the radical press, the practice of tavern singing, and Shelley's Queen Mab. 

Kustec, Aleksander.  "The Poetry of a Nation: France Prešeren, Slovene Literature's Pater Patriae."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 64-70.

Labbe, Jacqueline M.  “Deflected Violence and Dream-Visions in Mary Robinson’s Lyrical Tales.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 163-74.

Landrum, Crystal Michelle.  "The Hand that Rocks the Cradle: Male Mothering in Nineteenth-Century Literature (William Wordsworth, Charlotte Brontë, Mary Shelley, George Eliot, Bram Stoker, Men)."  Ph.D. diss., U of Georgia, 1998, DAI, 60-02A (1998): 433, 203 pages.

The dissertation considers instances where men are cast in the role of mothers and finds that a traditionally partriarchal system is inevitably disturbed by such crossings.  "[M]ale mothers reveal resistant and unconscious subtexts, challenging hegemonic constructions of gender and the cultural constructs of the mother and striking at the patriarchal conceptions of motherhood as mater minus materiality.  In doing so, male mothers deconstruct the ideology of motherhood that they are supposed to embody; uncover flaws and repressed anxieties in the system as well as ideological inaccuracies; and inadvertently invert and pervert the 'traditional' constructs of motherhood and femininity, notions of home and family considered constant in a patriarchal society."  Landrum offers readings of, among other texts, Wordsworth's Michael and Shelley's Frankenstein.

Larrissy, Edward. "The Celtic Bard of Romanticism: Blindness and Second Sight." Romanticism 5.1 (1999): 43-57.

Larrissy focuses on blindness and "second sight," seeing parallels and possible influences between the bardic tradition of Celtic cultures and the bard figures of romantic literature. The essay concentrates on Macpherson, but also discusses Blake, Wordsworth, and Keats.

Larrissy, Edward, ed.  Romanticism and Postmodernism.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

"The persistence of Romantic thought and literary practice into the late twentieth century is evident in many contexts. Though the precise meaning of the Romantic legacy is contested, it remains stubbornly difficult to move beyond. This collection of essays by prominent critics and literary theorists explores the continuing impact of romanticism on a variety of authors and genres"—from the dustjacket description.  Among the essays included here are Paul Hamilton's "From Sublimity to Indeterminacy: New World Order or Aftermath of Romantic Ideology,"  Emma Francis's "'Conquered good and conquering ill': Femininity, Power and Romanticism in Emily Brontë's Poetry," J. Drummond Bone's "A Sense of Endings: Some Romantic and Postmodern Comparisons," Geoff Ward's "A Being All Alike? Teleotropic Syntax in Ashbery and Wordsworth," Fred Botting's "Virtual Romanticism," John Fletcher's "The Sins of the Fathers: The Persistence of Gothic," Andrew Michael Roberts's "Romantic Irony and the Postmodern Sublime: Geoffrey Hill and 'Sebastian Arruruz,'" Stephen Clark's "'Uprooting the Rancid Stalk': Transformations of Romanticism in Ashbery and Ash," and finally Marjorie Perloff's "Postmodernism/Fin de Siecle."

Lessenich, Rolf.  "Literary Views of English Rhine Romanticism 1760-1860."  ERR 10.4 (Fall 1999): 480-514.

Lessenich examines the rise and fall of the Rhine as a preferred destination for English tourists.  The fascination with the Rhine was coincident with and dependent upon the "aesthetics and alienating perspective of Romanticism" (500).

Lincoln, Andrew.  “What Was Published in 1798?”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 137-51.

Lindenberger, Herbert.  Opera in History: From Monteverdi to Cage.  Stanford, CA: Stanford UP, 1998.

Lindop, Grevel.  "Line-end Hyphenation as a Problem for Editors, with Case-Studies from De Quincey."  YES 29 (1999): 191-201.

Liu, Yu.  Poetry and Politics: The Revolutions of Wordsworth.   New York: Peter Lang, 1999. 

Lodge, Sara.  "Sally Brown (1822) and Bridget Jones (1825): Where They Came From and What They Say about Thomas Hood."  CLB 107 (July 1999): 98-110.

Loeffelholz, Mary.  "Poetry, Slavery, Personification: Maria Lowell's 'Africa.'"  SIR 38.2 (Summer 1999): 171-202.

Logan, William.  "Four or Five Motions Toward a Poetics."  Sewanee Review 107.2 (Spring 1999): 244-59.

An essay primarily on reader-response stylistics focuses in part on Wordsworth (a London sonnet) and Byron (Don Juan).

Lowe, Walter.  "The Bitterness of Cain: (Post)Modern Flight from Determinacy."  Literature and Theology 12.4 (December 1998): 379-89.

Lussier,  Mark S.  Romantic Dynamics: A Poetics of Physicality.   New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Romantic Dynamics is a radically interdisciplinary work.  Lussier identifies parallels between, on the one hand, the concepts and metaphors of twentieth-century physics and cosmology and, on the other, the concerns of Romantic-era poetry with physical reality and its apperception by the psyche.  Both areas—recent physics and Romantic poetry—are struck by questions of indeterminacy, relativity, and complexity.  Lussier describes the resulting dynamic models of reality and consciousness in the work of Blake, Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and the Shelleys. 

Mack, Douglas S.  "Editing Different Versions of Romantic Texts."  YES 29 (1999): 176-90.

A discussion of textual editing focusing especially on the McGann/Bowers controversy.  Mack's chief examples are drawn from his experience in editing the works of James Hogg and Walter Scott.

Macovski, Michael, ed.  Romanticism and the Law.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/index.html>.

Macovski, Michael.  "Introduction: Juridical Texts and Transgressive Containment." In  Romanticism and the Law.  Ed. Michael Macovski.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/macovski/mmintro.html>. 

Before offering brief overviews of the articles collected together for this edition of the Romantic Circles Praxis series, Macovski identifies the key legal-historical movements which are the armature for the entire volume:  "As legal strictures blur, collapse, and metamorphose, we come to realize that what marks the juridical terrain of the Romantic era is the shifting sand of defined criminalization: the radical redefinition of legal dissent, legal ownership, and legal publication during this period. Such slippages in legal language and meanings define not only the unstable ground of Romantic legal praxis but also the evolving concepts of intellectual property, blasphemy, sedition, and treason during this period" (par 1).

Mahoney, Charles.  "The Multeity of Coleridgean Apostasy." In Irony and Clerisy,  Ed. Deborah Elise White.  RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/irony/mahoney/stasis.html>

Manning, Peter J.  "Troubling the Borders: Lyrical Ballads 1798 and 1998."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 22-28.

Marso, Lori Jo.  (Un)Manly Citizens: Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Germaine de Stael's Subversive Women.  Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1999.

Mayer, Robert.  "The Illogical Status of Novelistic Discourse: Scott's Footnotes for the Waverly Novels." ELH 66.4 (Winter 1999): 911-38.

McCalman, Iain, Jon Mee, Gillian Russell, Clara Tuite, Kate Fullagar, and Patsy Hardy, eds.  An Oxford Companion to the Romantic Age: British Culture 1776-1832.  New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

A useful reference guide to the Romantic period.  The book is divided into two large sections: The first is comprised of dozens of brief essays surveying specific cultural or historical topics.  There is a wealth of useful material here—including Roy Porter on "Consumerism" (181-86), John Brewer and Iain McCalman on "Publishing" (197-206), Gillian Russell on "Theatre" (223-31), Jerome McGann on "Poetry" (270-78), Jon Klancher on "Prose" (279-85), Fiona Robertson on "Novels" (286-96), Marilyn Butler on "Popular Antiquarianism" (328-37), James Chandler on "History" (354-60), Jon Mee on "Language" (369-77), and Peter Otto on "Literary Theory" (378-86).  Other essays—too numerous to be listed completely here—cover such topics as "Painting," "Architecture," "Music," "Revolution," Empire," "Women," "Education," "Land," etc.  The second section of the book contains an alphabetical encyclopedia of persons, places, events, and other culturally significant items from the period.  These brief notices, when taken together with the essays of the opening section, should offer students of Romantic culture a reliable foundation in the central issues, movements, and events of the period, and the volume as a whole will make a useful reference book for anyone who reads and writes about Romantic-period culture.

McEathron, Scott.  "Wordsworth, Lyrical Ballads, and the Problem of Peasant Poetry."  NCL 54.1 (June 1999): 1-26.

McEathron notes that, while Wordsworth claims in the Lyrical Ballads to be giving voice to a heretofore silent peasantry, in fact peasant and other kinds of "rustic" writing were already fashionable in 1798—thus complicating Wordsworth's self-definition.  The resulting poems are "experiments in narratorial perspective, class identification, and social sympathy" through which the poet establishes his own distinctive voice.

McGavran, James Holt, ed.  Literature and the Child: Romantic Continuations, Postmodern Contestations.  Iowa City: U of Iowa P, 1999.

A set of essays on the general theme of childhood and Romanticism.  Contributors include (among others) McGavran, Alan Richardson, and Mitzi Myers.

McGlone, Matthew S. and Jessica Tofighbakhsh.  "The Keats Heuristic: Rhyme as Reason in Aphorism Interpretation."  Poetics 26.4 (May 1999): 235-44.

This article presents the results of an experiment in which subjects were asked to weigh the accuracy of given aphorisms, some of which rhymed.  The experiment suggests that people's sense of the "truth" of a claim is linked to aesthetic design of the language.

McKusick, James C.  "John Clare's Version of Pastoral."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 80-84.

McNeil, Kenneth.  "Inside and Outside the Nation: Highland Violence in Walter Scott's Tales of a Grandfather."  Literature and History 8.2 (1999): 1-17.

Mee, Jon. "The Political Showman at Home: Reflections on Popular Radicalism and Print Culture in the 1790s." In Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775-1848: Essays in Honour of Malcolm I. Thomis, ed. Michael Davis (New York: St. Martin's P, 1999), 41-55.

Menninghaus, Winfried.  “’Disgusting Impotence’ and Romanticism.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 202-13.

Miall, David S. "The Resistance of Reading: Romantic Hypertext and Pedagogy." RoN 16 (November 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/reading.html>.

Middeke, Martin and Werner Huber, eds.  Biofictions: The Rewriting of Romantic Lives in Contemporary Fiction and Drama.  Columbia, SC: Camden House, 1999.

Miles, Robert. "The Eye of Power: Ideal Presence and Gothic Romance."  Gothic Studies 1.1 (August 1999): 10-30.

Mizukoshi, Ayumi. "The Cockney Politics of Gender — the Cases of Hunt and Keats." RoN 14 (May 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/cockneygender.html>.

Situating the Cockney School writers—especially Hunt and Keats—within an emergent middle-class ideology (with all its gendered assumptions), Mizukoshi illustrates how the Cockneys "adopted and appropriated ubiquitous gendered language in order to legitimise their bourgeois poetics and politics."  One particularly cogent observation demonstrates that Keats's reputation as a "strong" poet with distinctly masculine aspirations—in contrast to the effeminate Hunt—is a twentieth-century critical redaction of the emergent gendered politics of the early nineteenth-century.

Momma, Haruko.  "A Man on the Cusp: Sir William Jones's 'Philology' and 'Oriental Studies.'"  TSLL 41.2 (Summer 1999): 160-79.

Relying especially on Foucauldian analyses of late eighteenth-century intellectual developments, Momma considers the scholarship of Sir William Jones in the context of (1) the emergence of philology as an intellectual/historical pursuit, (2) the rise of interest in "Orientalism" and "Oriental Studies" in the nineteenth century, and (3) Jones's own travels.  Thus, "When Jones set foot on Indian soil at the end of a long voyage, he also stood, symbolically, on a cusp created by history, where everything had potential but nothing had been realized; and his role in this crucial time in Western history was to maximize the potential in order for his posterity to determine the actual course of the new era" (176).

Monsman, Gerald.  "Charles Lamb's Elia and the Fallen Angel."  SIR 38.1 (Spring 1999): 51-62.

In an analysis (primarily) of Lamb/Elia's "The Child Angel: A Dream," Monsman traces an essentially ironic relationship to the Miltonic or prophetic stance of the canonical Romantic poets.  "'The Child Angel' is . . . a fantasy resonant with subconscious patterns that recasts the Miltonic myth of the fallen angel in romantic and personal terms" (52).  The central poles of the argument can be seen even in the name "Elia," which conflates the biblical prophet "Elijah" with "a lie"—Lamb's is a consciousness founded on "this green earth" and not on "clouds of glory" originating from some more perfect sphere.

Moore, Fabienne.  “’Revolution’ or ‘Deplorable School’?: Chateaubriand’s Analysis of French and British Romanticism in the Mémoires d’ outre-tombe.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 231-41.

Morrison, Robert.  "'An Edinburgh surgeon of great eminence' in De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 47-48.

Morrison, Robert. "De Quincey and the Opium-Eater's Other Selves." Romanticism 5.1 (1999): 87-103.

Morrison, Robert.  "John Wilson and the Editorship of Blackwood's Magazine."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 48-50.

Morrison, Robert.  "The 'Scotchman of eminent name' in De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 45-47.

Morse, David.  The Age of Virtue: British Culture from the Restoration to Romanticism.  New York: St. Martin's P, 2000.

Mortensen, Peter.  "High Romantics and Horrid Mysteries: British Literature and the Struggle with German Romance (1798-1815) (Great Britain, Romanticism, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge)."  Ph.D. diss., The Johns Hopkins U, 1999, DAI, 60-04A (1999): 1121, 279 pages.

Mulvihill, James.  "Wordsworth, Peacock, and Malthusian Social Statics."  ELN 36.3 (March 1999): 54-61.

Writing against the idea that Peacock's Melincourt was essentially a reaction against Wordsworth's Excursion, Mulvihill argues that at least one episode in the novel "can be read as a sympathetic critical supplement to the final and most problematic books of The Excursion.  Its ironic deployment of Malthusian demographics underscores important issues of narrative economy raised by Wordsworth's poem and its critics, issues that in turn carry important social implications" (54-55).

Nash, David.  Blasphemy in Modern Britain: 1789 to the Present.  Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999.

A theoretically informed historical study of the role of blasphemy in public discourse.  Of particular interest to Romanticists are chapters on the theoretical significance of blasphemy and on the agitations surrounding Thomas Paine, William Hone, and Richard Carlile.

O'Neill, Michael.  "'A Storm of Ghosts': Beddoes, Shelley, Death, and Reputation."  Cambridge Quarterly 28.2 (1999): 102-15.

The prolific O'Neill here discusses the influences of Shelley on Beddoes and describes the anxieties of fame and reputation as they affect the life and writing of the later poet.  "Powerfully influenced by Shelley in particular, Beddoes at the same time makes something memorably his own out of an interiorising and extension of Romantic motifs and a pervasive sense of alienation . . ." (103).

O'Quinn, Daniel.  "Murder, Hospitality, Philosophy: De Quincey and the Complicitous Grounds of National Identity."  SIR 38.2 (Summer 1999): 135-70.

Paley, Morton D.  Apocalypse and Millennium in English Romantic Poetry.  New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Paley, Morton D.  Portraits of Coleridge.  Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999. 

Parrish, Constance.  "Isabella Lickbarrow: An 'Unlettered' Poetess."  CLB 106 (April 1999): 66-77.

Pearson, Jacqueline.  Women's Reading in Britain, 1750-1835: A Dangerous Recreation.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

By some accounts, at the beginning of the nineteenth century in England the majority of the reading public was made up of women readers.  Pearson presents a thoroughly researched and carefully written study of the cultural status of this female readership.  The work is not a chronological account; rather, it is organized around a handful of key issues which Pearson names as "the elision of sexuality and textuality, the dangers of novel-reading, reading and its various relationships to domesticity, family, and community, the temptations of resisting reading" (ix-x).  A theoretical/methodological Introduction is followed by half a dozen chapters that deal with these issues and that touch on such writers as Byron, Radcliffe, Charlotte Smith, Mary Shelley, and others.  The volume ends with an impressive "Select Bibliography" (pp. 260-84) of both primary and secondary texts.

Perkins, David.  "Sweet Helpston! John Clare on Badger Baiting."  SIR 38.3 (Fall 1999): 387-407.

Perkins offers a historical account of the practice of badger baiting and the debate over its inevitable cruelty.  In an appendix, the essay includes the full text of Clare's poem on badger baiting.

Perry, Seamus.  Coleridge and the Uses of Division.  New York: Oxford UP, 1999.

Persyn, Mary Kelly.  “’No Human form but Sexual’: Sensibility, Chastity, and Sacrifice in Blake’s Jerusalem.”  ERR 10.1 (Winter 1999): 53-83.

Petroski, Karen Beth.  "Making Sense of Nationality: The Politics of Irrationality in British and American Prose, 1776-1850 (Sir Walter Scott, Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, John Wilson, Thomas De Quincey, Charles Dickens, Great Britain)."  Ph.D. diss., Columbia U, 1999, DAI, 60-01A (1999): 119, 369 pages.

Pfau, Thomas. "The Voice of Critique: Aesthetic Cognition after Kant." In Romanticism and Philosophy in an Historical Age, ed. Karen Weisman. RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/philosophy/pfau1/tp1.html>.

Pitha, J. Jakub.  "Narrative Theory and Romantic Poetry (Charlotte Smith, William Wordsworth, John Keats, Lord Byron)."  Ph.D. diss., U of South Carolina, 1999, DAI, 60-04A (1999): 1146, 183 pages.

Pitha sees lyric poetry and narrative poetry as "points on a continuum of narrative" rather than as distinct modes of literary production.  Having thus formulated these generic categories, the dissertation offers readings of Romantic-era poems using the techniques of narrative theory.  With respect to the later Romantics, Pitha focuses most closely on Keats ("Grecian Urn," Eve of St. Agnes) and Byron (Don Juan).

Pratt, Lynda.  "The Pantisocratic Origins of Robert Southey's Madoc: An Unpublished Letter." N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 34-39.

Priestman, Martin.  Romantic Atheism: Poetry and Freethought, 1780-1830.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999.

A historical account of the association between atheism—the expression of which, according to Priestman, became possible only in the late eighteenth century—and the emergent writing of the major Romantics.  As Priestman claims in his conclusion, "With some [writers] it was the very 'possibility' [of expressing a heretofore unthinkable atheism] that was most important, either as a reference-point by which to re-evaluate their own positions, or as an ever-present danger to be skirted at all costs.  With others the possibility of atheism was an opportunity to make sense of the world in purely human terms, in ways hitherto thought unimaginable" (257).  The book is especially useful in focusing on and distinguishing the numerous modes of English religious experience characteristic of the period (Priestman includes, for instance, a glossary wherein one can find quick definitions of such terms as "antinomianism," " pantheism," "deism," and "enthusiasm") rather than concentrating on the continental influences of German Romanticism or the philosophes.  After two introductory historical sections, the book follows with chapters on Blake, Coleridge, Wordsworth, the "Atheist Strategies, 1800-1830," and "The Shelley Generation in the 1810s."

Punter, David, ed.  A Companion to the Gothic.  Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1999.

An extensive reference source on the rise and continuing prominence of the gothic.  Among the twenty five or so essays collected here are Robert Miles on Ann Radcliffe and Matthew "Monk" Lewis, Nora Crook on Mary Shelley, Ian Duncan on Scottish Gothic, and David Worrall on "The Political Culture of Gothic Drama." 

Punter, David.  “Revising the Uncanny, or, Coleridge Forgets Freud.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 254-64.

Quinney, Laura.  The Poetics of Disappointment: Wordsworth to Ashbery.  Charlottesville, VA: UP of Virginia, 1999.

From the opening paragraph of Quinney's Preface: "I advance an account of romanticism without consolations.  In the conventional version of romanticism and its legacy, the loss of vitality and self-esteem bewailed in major first-person poems is surreptitiously compensated by a gain in intellectual or artistic entitlement; in the account given here, the losses are subtly compounded, moving up the levels into reaches of ontological catastrophe where restitution is no longer possible.  The pleasures of the self are obliterated rather than solemnized, and the self disappointed with its portion is simultaneously stripped of the comfort of art" (ix).  Thus Quinney introduces the bleak theme of disappointment, dejection, and even desolation which she then follows through chapters on Wordsworth, Shelley, Wallace Stevens and John Ashbery.  The Shelley chapter focuses specifically on Shelley's repeated concern with the collapse of hopes and the subsequent psychology of disappointment.  Quinney contends that Shelley borrowed the theme of melancholy disappointment from the sensibility poets and the earlier Romantics (especially Wordsworth), but that Shelley "played upon, explored, and expanded the fascinations of this theme with a greater range, and perhaps, a greater dexterity than any of his forbears" (67).

Rajan, Balachandra.  Under Western Eyes: India from Milton to Macaulay.  Durham, NC: Duke UP, 1999.

In the Introduction, Rajan notes that "This book can be characterized as a historical study with its center of gravity in the romantic era, carried out from a postcolonial vantage point" (10).  The study concentrates, of course, on the place of India in the discourse and consciousness of British public culture during a period of colonial and commercial expansion.  Especially useful in the present connection are chapters on women writers on India, on Southey and The Curse of Kehama, and on Shelley's Prometheus Unbound.  In the latter, Rajan develops a reading based on the force of discourse as it relates to the setting in the Indian Caucasus and to the character Asia.  The work when examined in such terms forwards Shelley's transformative critique of British imperialism and the discourses of domination.

Rambow, Amy K.  "'Come Kick Me': Godwin's Memoirs and the Posthumous Infamy of Mary Wollstonecraft."  KSR 13 (1999): 24-57.

Rambow examines the effects on Wollstonecraft's reputation generated by Godwin's publication of the Memoirs.  Rambow contends that "the shock and horror the Memoirs held for its original audience are attributable in part to the innovative style of the work, but derive primarily from its unintentional evocation of sexuality through suicide, religion, and nationalism" (26).

Ranger, C. M.  "'Finely fashioned nerves' in Mary Wollstonecraft's The Wrongs of Woman."  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 27-28.

Reid, Nicholas.  "'Kubla Khan' and Harington's 'The Witch of Wokey.'"  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 112-14.

Reilly, Susan P. "Blake's Poetics of Sound in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell." RoN 16 (November 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/blakepoetics.html>.

Richardson, Alan. "Coleridge and the Dream of an Embodied Mind." Romanticism 5.1 (1999): 1-25.

Richardson, Alan.  "Romanticism and the End of Childhood."  Nineteenth-Century Contexts 21 (1999): 169-90.

Riehl, Joe.  "Lamb's Drama Criticism of July 1823: A New Letter and a New Essay."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 59-64.

Riehl, Joe.  "'The Mermaid': A Newly Identified Lamb Essay."  CLB 105 (January 1999):  28-32.

For a counter attribution of "The Mermaid" to Thomas Hood, see John Strachan's essay, CLB 106 (April 1999): 78-82, below.

Riehl, Joe.  "The St. James's Street Mermaid and the Case for Thomas Hood's Authorship of 'The Mermaid': A Postscript."  CLB 106 (April 1999): 83.

Roberts, Adam.  Romantic and Victorian Long Poems: A Guide.  Brookfield, VT: Ashgate, 1999.

A survey of the nineteenth-century long poem including, for instance, The Prelude and Erasmus Darwin's The Lovers of the Plants, the book offers summaries along with historical and biographical contexts.

Roberts, Daniel Sanjiv.  "Coleridge's Liverpool Connection: An Unpublished Letter from William Roscoe to John Edwards."  N&Q  46.4 (1999): 455-57.

Roberts, Daniel Sanjiv.  Revisionary Gleam: De Quincey, Coleridge, and the High Romantic Argument.  Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 1999.

Roman, Laura E.  "Addison, Quintilian, and Wordsworth's 'Lucy.'"  N&Q 46.1 (March 1999): 41-44.

Rubinstein, Christopher.  "Along the Road to Xanadu."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 108-12.

Rule, Philip C.  "The Gendered Imagination in Religion and Literature."  In Seeing into the Life of Things: Essays on Literature and Religious Experience, ed. John L. Mahoney (New York: Fordham UP, 1998), 59-72.

Russett, Margaret.  "Like 'Wedding Gowns or Money from the Mint': Clare's Borrowed Inheritance." In Romanticism and the Law, ed. Michael Macovski.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/russett/mruss.html>.

Ruston, Sharon, comp., with Lidia Garbin.  The Influence and Anxiety of the British Romantics.  Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen P, 1999.

This collection of essays—originally papers delivered at the 1998 conference of the British Association for Romantic Studies in Liverpool—considers the preoccupation of Romantic writers with ghosts.  The term "ghosts" is very broadly construed, referring to such diverse textual elements as the hauntings of intertextuality, authorial presence, and the "spectres" of a writer's influential precursors.  Following a preface by John Whale and an Introduction by Ruston, the collection offers essays on Charlotte Dacre, Blake, Wordsworth, Peacock, Percy Shelley, Keats, Beddoes, and Henry James.

Saglia, Diego.  "Nationalist Texts and Counter-Texts: Southey's Roderick and the Dissensions of the Annotated Romance."  NCL 53.4 (March 1999): 421-51.

Examines the interplay between the poetry and notes in Southey's 1814 work, finding that the notes offer a kind of counter-text—a supplement in the Derridean sense of the term.

Samara, Donya Anne.  "Questionable Ends: Reflections on the Sublime in Contemporary Culture (Jane Austen, Ann Radcliffe, Mary Shelley)."  Ph.D. diss., Indiana U, 1998, DAI, 60-02A (1998): 435, 250 pages.

A series of theoretically informed meditations on how the sublime can function as a critique of "a political belief in ends."  One of the novels discussed is The Last Man.

Saunders, Julia. "Putting the Reader Right: Reassessing Hannah More's Cheap Repository Tracts." RoN 16 (November 1999):  <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/more.html>.

Scrivener, Michael.  "John Thelwall's Political Ambivalence: Reform and Revolution." In Radicalism and Revolution in Britain, 1775-1848: Essays in Honour of Malcolm I. Thomis, ed. Michael Davis (New York: St. Martin's P, 1999), 69-83.

Scrivener, Michael.  "The Discourse of Treason, Sedition, and Blasphemy in British Political Trials, 1794-1820." In Romanticism and the Law.  Ed. Michael Macovski.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/scrivener/mscrv.html>.

This is a historical essay that considers how the contexts rather than the explicit content of some "questionable" political discourse help to determine the effects—and hence the legality—of that discourse.  The results, too, are various inversions of intentions, coopting of forms, and so forth.  Scrivener's principal examples are Godwin, Thelwall, and Robert Wedderburn.

Shaffer, Julie.  "Familial Love, Incest, and Female Desire in Late Eighteeth- and Early Nineteenth-Century Women's Novels."  Criticism 41.1 (Winter 1999): 67-99.

Though the essay focuses primarily on the gothic fiction of Walpole, Radcliffe, and Lewis, Shaffer's study also offers germane backgrounds for Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Mathilda.

Shelston, Alan.  "Elizabeth Gaskell, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, and Wordsworth."  N&Q  46.4 (1999):  470-73.

Simpson, Michael.  "Re-Opening after the Old Price Riots: War and Peace at Drury Lane."  TSLL  41.4 (Winter 1999): 378-402.

In a complex, theoretically and historically astute analysis, Simpson traces distinct genres of cultural behavior, especially as a kind of burgeoning nationalism is translated in and through the actions of theater-goers during the reopening of Drury Lane in 1812.  The essay is included in a special issue of Texas Studies devoted to Romantic drama.

Smith, Christopher J. P.  "Lamb and Southey: Painterly Allusion in the 1798 Review of Lyrical Ballads."  CLB 107 (July 1999): 110-14.

Snodgrass, John Charles Joseph.  "Narrating Nations, Negotiating Borders: The Scottish Romantic Novel in 'Blackwood's' Circle (Sir Walter Scott, John Galt, Susan Ferrier, Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine)."  Ph.D. diss., Texas A&M U, 1999, DAI, 60-06A (1999): 2042, 307 pages.

Sorensen, Peter J.  "Blake as Byron's Biographer: An Anthroposophic Reading of The Ghost of Abel."  WC 30.3 (Summer 1999): 161-65.

Spector, Sheila A.  “The Other’s Other: The Function of the Jew in Maria Edgeworth’s Fiction.”  ERR 10.3 (Summer 1999): 307-40.

Starr, Gina Gabrielle.  "The Frame of Sense: The Epistolary Novel and the Lyric Mode in Eighteenth-Century England (Aphra Behn, Eliza Haywood, Samuel Richardson, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge)."  Ph.D. diss., Harvard U, 1999, DAI, 60-06A (1999): 2043, 299 pages.

Stevenson, W. H.  "Blake's Progress."  EIC 49.3 (July 1999): 195-218.

Strachan, John.  "The St. James's Street Mermaid and the Case for Thomas Hood's Authorship of 'The Mermaid.'"  CLB 106 (April 1999): 78-82.

Strachan's attribution to Thomas Hood is intended to counter Joseph Riehl's article [CLB 105 (January 1999): 28-32,above] which identifies Charles Lamb as the author of "The Mermaid."

Strachan, John. "'The Praise of Blacking': William Frederick Deacon's Warreniana and Early Nineteenth-century Advertising-related Parody." RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/warren.html>.

In a volume of Romanticism on the Net devoted to Romantic-era parody, Strachan offers this historical recuperation of a little known but "enormously engaging and enjoyable" volume called Warreniana, a collection of parodies of prominent writers all of whom sing the praises of Warren's boot polish.  Strachan describes his purposes: "This essay offers an account of the work and sets it in its contexts of early nineteenth-century advertising and post-Napoleonic advertising- and advertising-related parody and satire. It concludes with a consideration of the importance of Warreniana and a discussion of the book's parodic methodology and social resonance."

Sullivan, Heather I.  “Collecting the Rocks of Time: Goethe, the Romantics and Early Geology.”  ERR 10.3 (Summer 1999): 341-70.

Tayebi, Kandi Ann.  "Dynamic Opposition: Charlotte Smith's Revolutionary Poetics (Charlotte Turner Smith, Women Writers, Romanticism, Nature, Elegy)."  Ph.D diss., U of Denver, 1999, DAI, 60-06A (1999): 2043, 271 pages.

Temple, Kathryn.  "The Angry Owner: Samuel Richardson, Modern Authorship, and the Ancient Romance." In Romanticism and the Law.  Ed. Michael Macovski.  RC-Praxis (April 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/law/temple/ktempl.html>.

Treadwell, James.  "Impersonation and Autobiography in Lamb's Christ's Hospital Essays."  SIR 37.4 (Winter 1998): 499-521.

Treadwell sees an opposition between autobiography and historicity which he then calls into question in an essay examining the representation(s) of self in Lamb's "On Christ's Hospital" and "Christ's Hospital Five and Thirty Years Ago."    The conclusion, in essence, is that "the essays actually represent a highly complex interrogation of the (verifiable) relation of the textual 'I' to its contexts" (521), or, later, "autobiography is an ambiguous, contestable, self-interrogating proposition which calls into play the historical moment of the two texts" (521).

Vallins, David.  Coleridge and the Psychology of Romanticism: Feeling and Thought.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Waddington, Keith.  "Pictures and Poetry.  Debunking the Bunk: An Examination of Picturesque Influence (William Wordsworth, John Keats)."  M.A. thesis, Concordia U (Canada), 1998, MAI, 37-06 (1999): 1618, 144 pages.

Ward, Aileen.  "Romantic Castles and Real Prisons: Wordsworth, Blake, and Revolution."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 3-15.

Watson, J. R.  "'My benevolent Friend': George Dyer and his 1800 Preface."  CLB 108 (October 1999): 170-78.

Watt, James.  Contesting the Gothic: Fiction, Genre, and Cultural Conflict, 1764-1832.  New York: Cambridge UP, 1999. 

Wedd, Mary.  "The Essays of Elia Revisited."  CLB 108 (October 1999): 161-69.

Weisman, Karen, ed. Romanticism and Philosophy in an Historical Age. RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/philosophy/index.html>.

Weisman, Karen.  "Introduction: The Uses of Interiority in the Domain of Pleasure."  In Romanticism and Philosophy in an Historical Age, ed. Karen Weisman. RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/philosophy/weisman/kwintro.html>.

In this brief introduction to her Romantic Praxis series, Weisman poses the fundamental question of whether there is genuine meaning in aesthetic experience that goes beyond either a mere formalist demonstration on the one hand or a stylized historical commentary on the other.

Weitzel, William Conrad, III.  "The Space of Memory: Romanticism, Modernity, and the Temporal Imagination (Time, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Virginia Woolf, Great Britain, William Butler Yeats, Ireland, Marcel Proust, France)."  Ph.D. diss., Harvard U, 1999, DAI, 60-06A (1999): 2020, 278 pages.

Welch, Dennis M.  "Blake's Book of Los and Visionary Economics."  ANQ 12.4 (Fall 1999): 6-12.

Wendling, Ronald C.  "Pater, Coleridge, and the Return of the Platonic."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 94-100.

Westbrook, Donna.  "Wordsworth's Song of Songs: 'Nutting' as Mystical Allegory."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 36-47.

Wheeler, Kathleen.  "Blake, Coleridge, and Eighteenth-Century Greek Scholarship."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 89-94.

White, Deborah Elise, ed.  Irony and Clerisy.  RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/irony/ironycov.html>

White, Deborah Elise.  "Introduction: Irony and Clerisy." In Irony and Clerisy,  Ed. Deborah Elise White. RC-Praxis (August 1999): <http://www.rc.umd.edu/praxis/irony/white/ironyintro.html>.

White's introductory essay to her Romantic Circles Praxis series identifies the central problematic.  "Clerisy"—the term comes from Coleridge—refers to the effort at a kind of institutional unity, a stable synthesis of diverse and divergent elements, a coherent and comprehendable history.  "Irony" is a kind of short-hand of that counter-movement of Romanticism that deals with self-division, fragmentation, dissolution.  Both the introductory essay and the series as a whole examine this opposition from diverse points of view.

White, Mary Gassaway.  "Writers Among Friends: A Historical Study of Writing Groups."  Ph.D. diss., U of Southwestern Louisiana, 1999, DAI, 60-04A (1999): 1117, 360 pages.

This dissertation examines the form and function of various "writing groups" including, among others, Coleridge and the Wordsworths, and Byron and the Shelleys.  The emphasis is on rhetoric and composition theory.

Whittaker, Jason.  William Blake and the Myths of Britain.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999. 

Wickham, D. E.  "Three Unpublished Notes of Charles Lamb and a Reply from Moxon."  CLB 105 (January 1999): 32-37.

Wiebe, Paul M.  Myth as Genre in British Romantic Poetry.  New York: Peter Lang, 1999.

"The notion that Romantic poetry is mythopoeic has become one of our assumptions about the Romantic period. This study re-evaluates that assumption from a new perspective, that of genre criticism, and argues that myth functions as an effective critical term only when it is defined pragmatically as a genre. In this study, myth is defined as a text that projects a world structured around three components: supernatural beings, humans, and nature. Using this model, Myth as Genre in British Romantic Poetry provides new analyses of selected Romantic works and concludes that the Romantics' sporadic return to the three-term discourse of myth represents a reaction against the dominant Romantic discourse of subject and object. The study also addresses related theoretical issues such as the validity of pragmatic genres and the relationship between genre analysis and literary history."

Wiley, Mike.  "Wordsworthian Dystopia: The Spatial Play of Salisbury Plain."  Nineteenth-Century Contexts 21 (1999): 89-114.

Williams, Nicholas M.  “’Bewildering Dreams and Extravagant Fancies’: The Sublime of Population in Thomas Malthus.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 193-201.

Wilson, Eric.  Emerson's Sublime Science.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999. 

Wilson, Lisa Marie.  "Pen Names: Marketing Authorship in a Romantic 'Age of Personality,' 1780-1830 (Matthew G. Lewis, Charlotte King, Lord Byron, Sir Walter Scott, Mary Robinson)."  Ph.D. diss., SUNY at Buffalo, 1999, DAI, 60-02A (1999): 437, 209 pages.

The dissertation examines the delicate balancing act that writers and publishers played during the Romantic period, a balance between, on the one hand, establishing literary celebrity and authority and, on the other, avoiding "charges of unseemly self-promotion."  This process was itself engaged in the broader cultural movement of the commercialization of literature and of authorship itself.  The fundamental terms of the study enable fresh analyses of such problematic issues as the status of biographical criticism and the strategies of anonymity and pseudonymity.  The key texts are by Matthew "Monk" Lewis, Charlotte King (a.k.a. "Rosa Matilda" and "Charlotte Dacre"), Mary "Perdita" Robinson, Walter Scott, and Byron.  These writers' careers "reveal the contradictions inherent in the discourse of Romantic authorship, which demanded that authors market themselves successfully—without appearing to do so."

Wohlgemut, Esther.  "Maria Edgeworth and the Question of National Identity."  SEL 39.4 (1999): 645-58.

Wohlgemut examines Edgeworth's writing in the context of an emergent nationalist discourse: "Having herself been both immersed in Continental Enlightenment thought and personally affected by the nationalist upsurge of the 1798 Rebellion, she used her writing to reconsider the meaning of the denomination 'Anglo-Irish.' And through her interrogation she reinterpreted both cosmopolitan and national definitions of belonging so as to reconstitute 'Anglo-Irish' less as a category than as an ongoing mediation between borders" (645).

Wolfreys, Julian.  Writing London: The Trace of the Urban Text from Blake to Dickens.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1998.

An extended discussion of literary representations of the city with particular attention to the relationship between individual self and urban space.  The book covers writers from Blake through Dickens and Engels; chapter two focuses on Byron, Shelley, and Barbauld.

Wolfson, Susan and Peter J. Manning, eds.  The Longman Anthology of British Literature: The Romantics and Their Contemporaries.  New York: Longman, 1999.

Wolfson, Susan.  "Shakespeare and the Romantic Girl Reader."  Nineteenth-Century Contexts 21 (1999): 191-234.

Wood, Marcus. "William Cobbett, John Thelwall, Radicalism, Racism and Slavery: A Study in Burkean Parodics." RoN 15 (August 1999): <http://users.ox.ac.uk/~scat0385/thelwall.html>.

Wood points to parallels and parodies between the public discourse over slavery and the public discourse over the ill-treatment of laborers in England.  As the essay puts it, "The fifty years from 1780 to 1830 saw the generation of a fantastically varied set of literatures concerning slavery written by men and women and directed at every available area of the publishing market. . . . Radicals could not avoid exposure to, and the influence of, the slavery debates, and their writings on race were parodically moulded around the dominant forms of these polemics."

Woodbery, Bonnie.  "The Mad Body as the Text of Culture in the Writings of Mary Lamb."  SEL 39.4 (1999): 659-74.

A consideration of the culturally "silenced" aspect of Mary Lamb—the Mary Lamb who stabbed her mother to death in 1796.  The reading is grounded in the thinking of Foucault: "This analysis of Lamb's stories and poems shows something of Lamb's struggle to maintain her fragile identity in the face of extreme forms of mental and physical containment as advocated by medical and social discourses at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Lamb's writing, as painful and destructive for her as it was, offered her a chance to confront and resist her society's constructions of madness and the feminine" (671).  Woodbery offers several provocative readings of Lamb's poems and stories.

Woof, Pamela.  "The 'Lucy' Poems: Poetry of Mourning."  WC 30.1 (Winter 1999): 28-36.

Woof, Robert.  Romantic Icons: The National Portrait Gallery at Dove Cottage, Grasmere.  [Grasmere]: Wordsworth Trust, 1999.

Worrall, David and Steve Clark, eds.  Blake in the Nineties.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999.

Wright, Julia M.  "'The Nation Begins to Form': Competing Nationalisms in Morgan's The O'Briens and the O'Flahertys."  ELH 66.4 (Winter 1999): 939-963.

Wyatt, John.  Wordsworth's Poems of Travel 1819-42: Such Sweet Wayfaring.  New York: St. Martin's P, 1999. 

Youngquist, Paul.  "De Quincey's Crazy Body."  PMLA 114.3 (May 1999): 346-58.

From Youngquist's abstract: "De Quincey's Confessions … evaluates life from the perspective of digestion instead of cognition.  The text mounts a critique of Kant's transcendental philosophy that tests the freedom of reason against the fate of eating. . . .  Opium becomes the hero of the Confessions because eating it changes De Quincey physiologically, forcing him to confront the body's materiality."  See also Charles Rzepka's letter about the essay and Youngquist's response, PMLA 115.1 (January 2000): 93-94.

Youngquist, Paul.  "Rehabilitating Coleridge: Poetry, Philosophy, Excess."  ELH 66.4 (Winter 1999): 885-909.

Youngquist, Paul.  “Lyrical Bodies: Wordsworth’s Physiological Aesthetics.”  ERR 10.2 (Spring 1999): 152-62.

Ziegenhagen, Timothy Eugene.  "Reading the Book of Nature: Romantic Literature and Romantic Science from William Wordsworth to Thomas De Quincey (John Keats, Humphry Davy, Mary Shelley, Samuel Taylor Coleridge)."  Ph.D. diss., Southern Illinois U at Carbondale, 1999, DAI, 60-08A, (1999): 2945, 238 pages.

"By using rhetorical figures and even the experimental strategies of scientific writers like Buffon, Priestley, Beddoes, and Davy, Romantic literary authors were able to critique the underlying assumptions about the 'natural' origins of political power and to overturn a static view of nature in favor of a more progressive, transformative one. Rigid systems—political and literary—are oftentimes figured in period works of literature as unhealthy and diseased. Closed off from the renewing cycles of an everchanging and vital nature, these systems are prone to pathological manifestations. Disease, in this paradigm, enables change in stagnant social structures and signifies an inevitable return to health—for the state of literature and also society in general."  The dissertation proceeds through discussions of Coleridge, Keats ("The Fall of Hyperion"), Humphry Davy, Mary Shelley (Frankenstein), and De Quincey ("The English Mail-Coach").

Zimmerman, Sarah M.  Romanticism, Lyricism, and History.  Albany: State University of New York P, 1999.

In contrast to the more conventional view that Romantic-era lyric poetry was chiefly introspective and thus tended to isolate its speakers from engagement with history, Zimmerman contends that the lyrics have a great capacity for commentary on social and historical circumstances.  The result is a fresh and compelling reading of (especially) Charlotte Smith, William Wordsworth, Dorothy Wordsworth and John Clare.

Zuccato, Edoardo.  "Italy's Invisibility: 'Mediterranean' Culture and Recent Romantic Culture."  WC 30.2 (Spring 1999): 100-02.

II. BYRON

Note: This is the Byron section from the letterpress version of the Current Bibliography (without reviews). A more complete and detailed Byron bibliography is available here.

WORKS: COLLECTED, SELECTED, SINGLE, TRANSLATED

Chu Chi, Yu.  "Lord Byron's 'The Isles of Greece': First Translations."  In Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in Early Modern China, 1840-1918, ed. D. E. Pollard (Amsterdam: Benjamins, 1998), 79-104.

Muldoon, Paul, ed.  The Essential Byron, by Lord Byron.  London: HarperCollins, 1999.

BOOKS AND ARTICLES RELATING TO BYRON

Accardo, Peter X.  "American Editions of Byron, 1811 to 1830."  Papers of the Bibliographical Society of America 93.4 (December 1999): 484-93.

Accardo presents the findings of a study of some 99 American editions of Byron's works published between 1811 and 1830. The study "will be of crucial interest to students of Byron's reputation and reception, to collectors of Byron, and to historians of the American reprint trade" (485). Accardo offers a summary of the "Key Findings" of his research and concludes with case studies of two works: English Bards and Scotch Reviewers and The Giaour.

Accardo, Peter X.  "Byron in America to 1830."  Harvard Library Bulletin 9.2 (1998): n.p.

Bainbridge, Simon.  "From Nelson to Childe Harold: The Transformations of the Byronic Image."  BJ 27 (1999): 13-25.

Focusing principally on George Sanders's 1809 portrait of Byron, Bainbridge contends that most accounts of the Byron iconography have missed the fact that "Byron has himself represented in terms of the pre-eminent and already mythical hero of the hour, Horatio Nelson, an astonishing act of heroic self-conception and self-presentation that anticipates his more famous and ambiguous identification with the major world historic figure of the age, Napoleon Bonaparte" (13).  This initial heroic and very public image, Bainbridge argues, was transformed in later portraits into the figure of an "isolated and a-historical romantic wanderer."  Four plates.

Bradbury, Oliver C.  "Lord Byron's 1812 Visit to Cheltenham."  BJ 27 (1999): 97-101.

Cheeke, Stephen.  "Byron, History and the Genius Loci."  BJ 27 (1999): 38-50.

Cheeke concentrates on Byron's fascination with particular locations, or "spots": "These spots, particularly those associated with the famous dead, offer Byron sites of what I shall call in-placement, homes in eternity which are testimony to historical vindication and against which Byron measures himself" (38).  This emphasis on place presents Cheeke with an entry into the vexed issue of Byron—the wandering, out-of-place poet—and his relationship to a very tangible, material history associated with a distinct geographical site.  To use Cheeke's language: "the notion of a concentrated accretion of meaning and experience (being there on the spot) can offer a way of thinking more broadly about Byron and history, and the place of his work in the context of early nineteenth-century 'historical mindedness'" (38).

Cochran, Peter.  "Byron's Manfred and Pellico's Francesca da Rimini."  Review of National Literatures and World Report 1 (1998): 73-86.

Cochran, Peter.  "International Byron Societies, 1998-1999."  BJ 27 (1999): 132-39.

Cochran, Peter.  "The Life of Bryon, or Southey Was Right."  In Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Culture, ed. Frances Wilson (Houndmills and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's P, 1999), 63-76.

Cochran surveys and reviews films in which Byron figures as a character.  These include James Whale's The Bride of Frankenstein (1935), David Macdonald's The Bad Lord Byron (1948), Robert Bolt's Lady Caroline Lamb (1972), Ken Russell's Gothic (1986), Ivan Passer's Haunted Summer (1988), and Gonzalo Suarez's Rowing with the Wind (1988).

Crane, David.  Lord Byron's Jackal: The Life of Edward John Trelawny.  New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 1999.

Donelan, Charles.  Romanticism and Male Fantasy in Byron's Don Juan: A Marketable Vice.  New York: St. Martin's P, 2000.

The book offers a wide-ranging and complex argument regarding the poetics of Don Juan.  Donelan places the poem in the repressive cultural context dominated by the overt moral strictures of the Society for the Suppression of Vice and the overt political censorship of revolutionary ideological claims.  The genius of the poem, as Donelan has it, lies in its liberatory poetics, its Protean capacity to find freedom in the very air of repression: "Don Juan is the Romantic period's most comprehensive defence of freedom of expression and liberty of the imagination" (1).  One way the poem manages to both sidestep and satirize the evangelical censorship of the day lay in its capacity to foster male fantasy, and this capacity in turn rests on Byron's representations of women.  The portrayal of women, after all, becomes the foundation upon which Byron builds his version of Romantic masculinity: "the narrative persistently explores the role women play in the establishment and maintenance of masculine identity" (8).  In effect, the overarching argument—incorporating issues of gender, publishing history, cultural psychoanalytics, reader response, etc.—finds that Don Juan elicits the "marketable vice" of male fantasy at precisely the moment when a more direct, less merely suggestive discourse was considerably less marketable (in every sense of the term).

Eisler, Benita.  Byron—Child of Passion, Fool of Fame.  New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1999.

This full-length biography is not directed primarily toward a scholarly audience, and the analytical or interpretive coverage of Byron's literary work is sparse. Nonetheless, the narrative of the impetuous aristocrat—the figure that inspired a century of "Byronism" and "Byromania"—is quite compelling, particularly in its coverage of the more scandalous moments of Byron's career.

Elfenbein, Andrew.  "Silver-Fork Byron and the Image of Regency England." In Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Culture, ed. Frances Wilson (Houndmills and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's P, 1999),  77-92.

Elfenbein begins by describing the dual images of Regency England—on the one hand, it is a time marked by lavish displays of gaudy wealth that mask a morally empty core, and, on the other hand, it is a period when the aristocratic classes took more than usual care to demonstrate a moral righteousness and disciplined personal behavior.  Having established these contradictory views, Elfenbein examines "why one image is so much more familiar than the other by looking at Byron's reception in early Victorian culture."  The analysis focuses on the portrayals of Byron in Disraeli's Venetia (1837) and Catherine Gore's Cecil, or the Adventures of a Coxcomb (1841).  These "silver-fork" novels, particularly in their treatments of Byron's relations with women, "suggest the inadequacy of Regency values and the need for their ultimate supersession by the supposedly better world of Victorian England" (78).

Goldberg, Leonard S.  "'This gloom . . . which can avail thee nothing': Cain and Skepticism."  Criticism 41.2 (Spring 1999): 207-32.

An examination of Byron's Cain in light of a radical and extreme skepticism: "Cain, whose acts effectively deny that mind can, should, or need have anything to do with its objects, catastrophically deifies rationality as the way towards autonomous life" (207-08). 

Goulding, Christopher.  "From Byron to Babbage: Ada Lovelace's Adventures in Mathematics."  TLS 5036 (October 8, 1999): 16.

Graham, Peter W.  "His Grand Show: Byron and the Myth of Mythmaking."  In Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Culture, ed. Frances Wilson (Houndmills and New York: Macmillan/St. Martin's P, 1999),  24-42.

Offering a kind of meditation on and historical survey of the distinctively Byronic mode of self-dramatization through an interplay of confession and concealment, Graham identifies the poet more with the ironies and feints of his narrators than with any of his characters, Byronic-heroic or otherwise. The essay concentrates primarily on Childe Harold and Don Juan, with passing reference to the "Detached Thoughts" journals and "On this day I complete my thirty-sixth year."

Holland, Tom.  "Undead Byron."  In Byromania: Portraits of the Artist in Nineteenth- and Twentieth-Century Cultur