to King Charles I, whose queen was Henrietta Maria (1609-69)—actually Henriette-Marie,
daughter of Henry IV of France and Marie de Medici, by birth and practice a Roman
Catholic. The son mentioned here probably would be Charles II (1630-85; restored after
the Commonwealth as king of Great Britain and Ireland, 1660-85); but the term could
as easily apply to his slightly younger brother James II (1633-1701), who became king
after the death of Charles II but was deposed three years later, in 1688, in what
became known as the Bloodless Revolution.